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Cancer
CHRONIC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cancer | a group of complex diseases whose manifestation depend on the affected body system and the type of cells involved |
| cancer results | when normal cells mutate into abnormal deviant cells that then perpetuate within the body |
| oncology | the study of cancer |
| neoplasm or tumor | a mass of new tissue that grows independently of its surrounding structures and has no physiologic purpose; said to be autonomous |
| benign | growth that does not endanger life or health; localized growths; solid mass, well defined borders, frequently encapsulated; tend to respond to body's homeostatic controls, often stop growing when they reach boundaries of other tissue, grow slow, stable size, easily removed |
| malignant | if not treated will recur, continue to grow, spread to other body sites, grow aggressively, do not respond to homeostatic controls, not cohesive, present with an irregular shape, cut through surrounding tissues, cause bleeding, inflammation, and necrosis, |
| malignant cells from the tumor | may travel through the blood or lymph to invade other tissues and organs of the body and form a secondary tumor |
| metastasis | the spreading of malignant neoplasm to other areas of the body |
| most common sites of metastasis | lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bones, brain |
| carcinogenesis | the production or origin of cancer |
| carcinogens | cancer causing substances |
| oncogenes | genes that promote cell proliferation and are capable of triggering cancerous characteristics |
| External carcinogen examples | chemicals, radiation, viruses |
| internal carcinogen examples | hormones, immune conditions, inherited mutations |
| Risk factors | age, hereditary components, gender, poverty, stress, diet, occupation, infection, tobacco use, alcohol use, recreational drug use, obesity, sun exposure |
| prevention | screening, healthy diet, SPF, avoid carcinogen exposure |
| chemotherapy | administration of chemical that destroy cancer cells,, attacks growing cancer cells; accompanied by unavoidable damage to normal healthy cells |
| palliation | treating the symptoms for quality of life not for cure |
| breast cancer | unregulated growth of abnormal cells in breast tissue; often begins in a single transformed cell and is often hormone dependent |
| common sites of breast cancer metasasis | |
| possible causes of breast cancer | hormonal, environmental, reproductive, hereditary |
| Risk factors for breast cancer | Age, gender, genetic risk factors, family history, person history, previous chest irradiation, menstrual history |
| manifestation (breast cancer) | nontender lump in breast, abnormal nipple discharge, rash around nipple area, nipple retraction, dimpling of the skin, change in position of the nipple; can be nipple pain, scaliness, ulceration, skin irritation, discharge, usually painless |
| lymphedema | accumulation of fluid in the soft tissues of the arm caused by removal of lymph channels |
| normal cells | work together to make whole person function; demonstrate specific morphology, small nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, differentiated function, tight adherence, nonmigratory, orderly and well regulated, apoptosis, normal chromosomes |
| radiation | localized meant only to affect one body region |
| radiation side effects | local skin changes, local hair loss, altered taste sensation, fatigue |
| chemo side effects | bone marrow suppression, alopecia, mucositis, skin changes, malnutrition, anorexia, cognitive changes |
| lung cancer | smoking is the number one cause |
| antibody mediated immunity | developed by exposure, vaccination |
| leukemia manifestations | anemia, infection, bleeding, pain due to liver, spleen, lymph node and bone marrow involvement |
| leukemia treatment | usually chemo, bone marrow transplant |
| care of child with cancer | nutrition and hydration, manage side effects of Tx, prevent/treat infection, manage pain, psychosocial support, discharge planning, home care |
| health promotion (child w/ cancer) | growth and development, physical assessments/screenings, elimination, sleep and fatigue, physical activity, disease and injury prevention, mental and spiritual health, transitional care |
Created by:
melsniv
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