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Alter Acid-Base

Patho

TermDefinition
Acid Substance that donates hydrogen ions
Amphoteric Able to function as either acid or base
Anion Gap Calculation of the major measured cations and anions in the plasma; provides an indication of electrolyte and acid-base balance
Anions Ions with a negative charge
Base Deficit Amount of base needed to achieve a pH of 7.4 in the blood sample
Base Excess Amount of fixed acid needed to achieve a pH of 7.4 in the blood sample
Buffer System Mixing of acid and base to resist pH change; system for trading stronger acids and bases for weaker varieties to achieve acid-base balance
Cations Ions with a positive charge
Electrolytes Ionizable substances in solution; conduct electricity in solution
Hyperchloremia Blood chloride levels greater than 108 mEq/L
Hyperkalemia Potassium blood levels greater than 5 mEq/L
Hyperlactatemia Elevation of lactic acid in the blood
Hypochloremia Blood chloride levels of less than 98 mEq/L
Hypokalemia Potassium blood levels of less than 3.5 mEq/L
Hypomagnesemia Magnesium blood levels of less than 1.5 mEq/L
hyponatremia Less than 135 mEq/L of sodium in the blood
Hypovolemia Decreased vascular volume
Ions Electrically charged particles resulting from gain or loss of one or more electrons.
Lactic Acidemia Elevation of lactic acid in the blood
Lactic Acidosis pH less than 7.35 because of elevation in lactic acid in the blood
Metabolic Acidosis Alteration in acid-base balance characterized by the reduction of HCO3, prompting an increase in pH
Metabolic Alkalosis Alteration in acid-base balance characterized by increased levels of HCO3, resulting in decrease of pH
Nonvolatile Acid Circulating fixed acid that is unable to be excreted by the lungs; require buffering and excretion by the kidneys
pH Clinical measurement of acid-base balance
Created by: DocMorris
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