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Fluid & Electrolytes
Patho
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Hypernatremia | Ion with negative charge. |
Hyperphosphatemia | Is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a elevated level of phosphate in the blood. |
Hypertonic | Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid. |
Hypervolemia | A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too high. |
Hypocalcemia | A condition in which the blood has too little calcium. |
Hypochloremia | Is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally low level of the chloride ions in the blood. |
Hypokalemia | Deficient potassium in the blood. |
Hypomagnesemia | Is an electrolyte disturbance caused when there is a low level of serum magnesium in the blood. |
Hypophosphatemia | Is an abnormally low level of phosphate in the blood. |
Hypotonic | Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution. |
Hypovolemia | A decreased volume of circulating blood in the body. |
Intracellular Compartment | The space within the organism's cells; it is separated from the extracellular compartment by cell membranes. |
Ions | An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. |
Isotonic | When the concentration of two solutions is the same. |
Loop Diuretics | A powerful diuretic which inhibits resorption of water and sodium from the Loop of Henle. |
Anuria | Absent urine output. |
Ascites | Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. |
Auquaporins | Channels in cell membrane; Allow water movement between compartments. |
Cation | ion with positive charge. |
Diuretics | Drugs that increase urine production. |
Electrolytes | Ionizable substances in solution,conduct electricity in solution. |
Extracellular Compartment | Body fluids in the interstitial tissue and plasma outside the cells. |
Filtration Pressure | Force that promotes movement of fluids across a pressure gradient. |
Hepatorenal Syndrome | Renal failure caused by severe renal vasoconstriction in patients with liver disease. |
Hydrostatic Forces | Forces promoting fluid movement between extracellular compartments. |
Hypercalcemia | Blood calcium levels greater than 10.5 mg/dL |
Hyperchloremia | Blood chloride levels greater than 108 mEq/L |
Hyperkalemia | Potassium blood levels less than 3.5 |
Hypermagnesemia | Magnesium blood levels less than 1.5 |
Lymphedema | Obstructed lymph flow with movement of fluid into the intersitium |
Oliguria | Reduced urine output |
Osmole | Unit of measure reflecting the osmotic activity that nondiffusible particles exert in pulling water from one side of the semipermeable membrane to the other. |
Osmolality | Osmolar concentration in 1 kg of water (mOsm/kg of H20); used to describe fluids within the body |
Osmolarity | Osmolar concentration in 1 L of water (mOsm/L); used when referring to fluids outside the body |
Osmoreceptors | Sensory neurons in the hypothalamus that promote thirst |
Osmosis | Water movement to an area of higher concentration of particles from an area of lower concentration of particles; regulated by the concentration of particles that do not diffuse across the semipermeable membrane |
Osmotic Pressure | Force generated as water moves through the membrane by osmosis |
Paracentesis | insertion of a cannula into the peritoneal cavity for removal of ascitic fluid |
Pitting edema | Edema that leaves an impression when pressure is placed |
Portal hypertension | Elevation in the hepatic pressure of the liver |
Ringer lactate | Crystalloid intravenous fluid containing sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, and lactate |
Thiazide diuretic | Drug that increases urine output through prevention of NaCl reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule |
Turgor | Fullness; evaluation made on skin to determine hydration status |
Urine specific gravity | Measurement of the concentration of particles in the urine, comparing the weight of urine to the weight of water |