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HIV/AIDS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antiretroviral medications as post exposure prophylaxis for health care workers are started within ____ hours of exposure: a. 24 hours b. 72 hours c. 36 hours d. 12 hours | b. 72 hours (2 to 3 drugs prescribed for 28 days) |
| HIV stage? early HIV infection; inferred from laboratory testing | Stage O |
| HIV stage? period from infection with HIV to the development of HIV-specific antibodies; dramatic drops in CD4+ T-cell counts (normally 500 to 1500 cells/mm3 of blood) | Stage 1: primary/acute |
| HIV stage? occurs when T-lymphocyte cells are between 200 and 499 | Stage 2 |
| HIV stage? CD4+count drops below 200 cells/mm3 of blood Considered to have AIDS for surveillance purposes | Stage 3 |
| HIV stage? no information on CD4+ T-lymphocyte count or percentage | Unknown |
| respiratory Sx of HIV? | -SOB -dyspnea -cough -chest pain |
| GI complications of HIV? | -loss of appetite -N and V -oral candidiasis -diarrhea -wasting syndrome |
| malignancy that involves the epithelial layer of blood and lymphatic vessels | Kaposi sarcoma |
| AIDS-related lymphomas? | Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (more common) |
| neurological complications of HIV? | -effects on cognition, motor function attention, visual memory, visuospatial function -peripheral neuropathy -HIV encephalopathy -fungal infection (Cryptococcus neoformans) -progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy -depression and apathy |
| integumentary complications of HIV? | -herpes zoster -seborrheic dermatitis |
| gynecologic Sx of HIV? | -genital ulcers -persistent, recurrent vaginal candidiasis -pelvic inflammatory disease -menstrual abnormalities |
| ____ is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions as a direct result of HIV infection: -Cryptococcal meningitis -Neuropathy -Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy -HIV encephalopathy | HIV encephalopathy |
| HIV modes of transmission | -blood and blood products -seminal fluid -vaginal secretions -mother-to-child: amniotic fluid, breast milk |
| HIV Sx usually begin as what? then progresses to what type of Sx? | -asymptomatic or may have fatigue or skin rash -then Sx r/t immunosuppressed state (cold/flu-like Sx, fever, infection, increased or decreased WBC, fatigue, malaise) |
| two infectious microbes that cause complications in those with HIV | P. jiroveci and Toxoplasmosis |
| medication Tx for HIV/AIDS? examples? | antiretroviral therapy (ART); retrovir, abacavir |
| lab tests for HIV/AIDS? | HIV test, T cell count, CD4+ |
| The ___ serves as the major lab indicator of immune function and prophylaxis for opportunistic infections, and is the strongest predictor of subsequent disease progression and survival. | CD4+ count |
| What lab test should the nurse review first to identify antibody deficiencies? | CBC w/diff. |
| Pts w/neutropenia are at risk for what problem? | developing severe infections |
| Pt is infected w/HIV after sharing needles w/another IV drug abuser. Upon infection w/HIV, immune system responds by making antibodies against the virus, usually w/in how many weeks after infection? | 3 to 12 weeks |
| Factors associated w/nonadherence to ART? (select all) -lives alone -active substance abuse -taking other meds -depression -lack of social support | -active substance abuse -depression -lack of social support |
| Caring for a pt w/Pneumocystis pneumonia, nurse assesses flat, purplish lesions on back and trunk. What does nurse suspect lesions indicate? -Mulluscum contagiosum -TB of the skin -Kaposi sarcoma -Seborrheic dermatitis | Kaposi sarcoma |
| Pt is diagnosed w/Pneumocystis pneumonia. What med does nurse anticipate educating pt about for Tx? -TMP-SMZ -Cephalexin -Azithromycin -Garamycin | TMP-SMZ (Bactrim) |
| Pt with AIDS is having a recurrence of 10-12 loose stools/day. What med may help this pt to control the chronic diarrhea? -Octreotide -Rifaximin -Bismuth subsalicylate -Atropine diphenoxylate | Octreotide |
| A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is exhibiting shortness of breath, cough, and fever. What type of infection will the nurse most likely suspect? -Mycobacterium avium complex -Legionella -Cytomegalovirus -Pneumocystis jiroveci | Pneumocystis jiroveci (the most common opportunistic infection associated with AIDS) |
| Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is diagnosed through -skin scraping. -biopsy. -visual assessment. -computed tomography. | biopsy. (KS is diagnosed through biopsy of the suspected lesions. Visual assessment will not confirm a diagnosis. A CT scan will not assist in determining skin cell changes. Skin scraping is a procedure to collect cells, not to evaluate cells.) |
Created by:
nurse savage
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