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Exam #8 Key Terms

Key Terms Chapters 18, 20, 31, & 39

TermDefinition
Pain a feeling of discomfort strong enough to be intrusive and to affect or interfere with normal activity
Gate Control Theory view of pain transmission as being controlled by a gate mechanism in the CNS
Endorphins endogenous, naturally occurring, opiate-like peptides that reduce or block the perception of pain
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) uses a small electrical stimulator attached to electrodes to block pain
Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS) an electric current is sent through thin needle probes positioned in the soft tissues and muscles of the back. -series of intermittent treatments are given
Distraction assists the patient in focusing on something other than the pain
Guided Imagery verbally guiding the patient to imagine something
Meditation focusing on an image, thought, the breath, or awareness
Hypnosis -also called therapeutic suggestion -induces a trance-like state
Massage -induces relaxation -relief from muscle/structural pain
Analgesic pain relieving
Bolus concentrated dose given rapidly
PCA analgesia doses controlled by the patient
Epidural Analgesia an anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist places a thin catheter in epidural space near base of spine, connects catheter to small battery-operated programmable pump
Non-rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep The state of sleep when the body receives the most rest
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Period of sleep when the brain waves are fast and of low voltage, and autonomic activities (heart rate/respiration) are irregular -sleep associated with dreaming
Insomnia difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep at night
Sleep Apnea condition where person stops breathing for brief periods during sleep
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Oxygen delivered at positive pressure to keep alveoli open that would normally close upon expiration -used for patients with sleep apnea
Narcolepsy sudden-onset, recurrent, uncontrollable, brief episodes of sleep during normal hours of wakefulness in a well-rested person
Bone dense, hard type of connective tissue -types: short, long, flat, irregular
Joint place of union of two or more bones in the body
Bursae small, fluid-filled sacs that provide a cushion at friction points in freely moveable joints
Skeletal Muscles striated muscles that are made of bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by a connective tissue sheath
Tendons cords of fibrous connective tissue that connect a muscle to a bone to allow for joint movement
Ligaments connect bones or cartilage to provide support and strength
Cartilage fibrous connective tissue that acts as a cushion
Kinesiology study of the movement of body parts
Alignment arrangement in a straight line, bringing a line into order
Pivot turn or change direction with your feet while remaining in a fixed place
Pressure Injuries tissue injuries that form from local interference with circulation
Contractures resistance to stretch in damaged muscle that pulls a joint into a fixed or "frozen" position
Necrosis local death of tissue from disease or injury
Shearing Force applied force that causes a downward and forward pressure on the tissues beneath the skin
Ambulate walk
Gait style of walking
Supine laying on back
Fowler elevating head of bed 60-90 degrees
Semi-Fowler elevating head of bed 30-60 degrees
Low-Fowler elevating head of bed 15-30 degrees
Dorsal Recumbent laying on back with knees flexed and soles of feet flat on the bed
Lithotomy laying on back with feet up on pedestals, with legs spread farther apart and abducted
Side Lying or Lateral position resting on side
Sims side-lying position with weight distributed over the anterior ileum, humerus, and clavicle
Prone laying face down
Logrolling turning the patient as a single unit while maintaining straight body alignment at all times
Dangling position of sitting on the side of the bed with the legs and feet hanging over the side
Gait Belt sturdy belt made of tightly webbed canvas material that is used to ambulate and/or transfer the weak or unsteady patient
Symmetry equality in size, form, and arrangement of parts on opposite sides of a plane; a mirror image
Transfer Belt same as gait belt
Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS) illness that results when most or all of the body is exposed to a high dose of radiation, usually over a short period of time
Alarm Fatigue phenomenon of nurses becoming desensitized to patient care alarms or missing or delaying their response to the alarm
Biohazard biologic agent or condition that can be harmful to a person's health
Bioterrorism the release of pathogenic microorganisms into a community to achieve political/military goal
Environment the total of all elements and conditions that surround us and influence our development
Humidity the amount of moisture in the air
Poison substance that, when ingested, inhaled, absorbed, applied, injected, or developed within the body, may cause functional or structural damage
Ventilation (1)-process or act of supplying a house or room continuously with fresh air (2)- exchange of air between the lungs and atmosphere
Immobilization prevention or restriction of normal body movement
Traction exertion of a pulling force
Hypostatic Pneumonia pneumonia caused by stasis of secretions due to inactivity
Isometric Exercises exercises performed against resistance
Splint device that protects an injured part of the body by immobilizing or limited its movement
Over-the-bed Frame rectangular frame to which traction equipment may be attached
Trapeze bar overhead bar that patient can grab
Sling bandage for supporting a part
Counter Traction Force the weight pulling against the weight of the traction
Cast stiff plaster of Paris, fiberglass, or polyester dressing used to immobilize
Bivalved cut in half lengthwise
Spica Casts figure-of-8 cast
External Fixator metal device, such as a pin, screw, or tong that is inserted into or through one or more bones to stabilize fragments of a fracture while it heals
Kinetic moving
Dorsum back
Paresthesia feeling of numbness or tingling
Blanch to become pale
Hemiplegia one-sided paralysis
Hemiparesis one-sided weakness
Hydrotherapy massage or debridement by moving water
Paraplegic those without use of the legs
Quadraplegic those without use of both arms and legs
Prosthesis artificial substitute for a body part
Created by: ahoyyitbeaddi
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