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West Quest
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did the US Government create the Indian reservation system? | To make an environment where Indians are completely dependent on the U.S. Government for everything |
| Reservation Policy | Self-serving and a poor attempt to deal with natives, made Indians become “civilized”, Made them take land they didn’t want, Forced them onto areas with rival tribes, They were promised food, clothes, etc. by U.S. government |
| Discuss how the U.S. government tried to assimilate the Indians. | By releasing Dawes Act, which: Dissolved community lands Gave each Indian family head a 160 acre farm out of reservation lands, Held land in trust for 25 years**, Granted American citizenship after 25 years |
| What did the Dawes Act do? | Divided up the land, but still put the best land in the hands of white settlers |
| Why was the Dawes Act unsuccesful? | It wasn't beneficial to the Natives because they were a society that lived off the land and they were nomadic, It wasn’t created in a way that benefited the native American culture, |
| Homestead Act | Provided large quantities of land for cheap to settlers, but land must be cultivated for 5 years before they could own it |
| Why was there a stipulation for homestead act? | They didn’t want these territories to stay territories, they wanted them to become states, They wanted to put land in the hands of Americans who would permanently settle there |
| Who could get land? | Head of family’s over 21 years of age could get land, or unwed or widowed women could get land, Former slaves could get land as well, and immigrants as long as they were applying for citizenship |
| Pacific Railway Act | To build a transcontinental railroad, the government gave two companies the right to build; Central Pacific Co. and Union Pacific Co. |
| Why didn't Southerners need railroads? | Southerners didn’t feel the need for the railroad to be government sponsored They were focused on rebuilding their economy and other things that were more necessary |
| What did Railroads do? | Stimulated markets for industry, Stimulated mining and agriculture which created a boom for cities, Immigration is boosted, Established time zones |
| Union Pacific Co. | Omaha west, Irish immigrants, Completed 1086 miles, Earned more money from federal government, went over flat and easy land |
| Central Pacific Co. | Sacramento east, Chinese, Completed 689 miles, went through the Sierra Nevada Mounatains |
| Railroad facts | 1850–1871, huge land grants to railroads for laying track in West, 1860s, Central Pacific goes east, Union Pacific west, meet in Promontory Point, Utah Railroads sold land to farmers and attracted many European immigrants |
| Why did we need railroads? | Allowed agricultural output to become maximized, Created better communication from east to west, Traveling was quicker and more accessible (fulfilling manifest destiny), Allowed U.S. to keep up with other countries |
| Discuss the difficulties that farm families faced on the Great Plains | People had to build homes out of sod, for there were no trees or lumber in the Midwest, Temperatures were extremely hot causing grass fires and cold/windy, causing animal deaths, Trillions of locusts demolished and ate the grassland where settlers lived |
| Die Up of 1887 | Soaring temperatures, desert like conditions caused the worst blizzard in History, Winds 60 mph – snow for 3 days, 40%- 90% of livestock gone (did away with driving herds up to railheads) |
| Oklahoma/Indian Territory | Oklahoma Land Rush caused all the land that was set aside for natives to be cut down even further |
| Importance of the Buffalo | The plains Indians live a life of subsistence and used every piece of the buffalo for something, nothing was wasted (used for food, clothes, tools, etc.), If buffalo was taken away, way of life was taken away |
| Conflicts with Native Americans | From Sand Creek in Colorado, to The Battle of the Little Bighorn in Montana to the Wounded Knee in 1891. We see a 30 year struggle for an indian culture which meets its demise. |
| Battle of Little Big Horn (Native American Victory) | Little Big Horn River, Montana, Gen. Custer attacked Sioux , Greatest Indian Victory all 215 soldiers and officers are killed |
| Why did officials in Washington called it a Massacre? | Because by calling it massacre it portrayed the message that the native Americans were barbaric and savages who brutally attacked Custer and his men, led to more destruction of their land. |
| Ghost Dance | Was a sacred ritual expressing a vision that the buffalo would return and White civilization would vanish |
| Battle of Wounded Knee | Fearing the Ghost Dance would cause an uprising, the U.S. army gunned down 200 Native Americans, marking the end of the Indian Wars |
| Mexican Vaqueros | Aztec Prisoners and the First Cowboys. Drove their herds North when silver was discovered in N. Mexico |
| Cowboys | Weren't in demand until after the Civil War, Prior to the CW mostly stayed at their homestead with their cattle, The Gold Rush caused them to be pushed further north, Overgrazing, extended bad weather and barbed wire made cowboys become obsolete |
| Cattle vs. Sheep Herders | A promise of great profits caused the plains to become overcrowded. Sheep herders didn’t intermingle with cattle ranchers (cow's were smelly) In 1883, prairie fires and a drought caused desertification |
| Barbed Wire | After the “die up” there were smaller herds of high grade (healthier) stock, Livestock required more care not free grazing, Barbed Wire was cheap, easy to use, Barbed wire changed open plains to fenced in ranches/ farms |
| Discuss how cattle and sheep ranching developed in the West | Cattle Industry thrived – 1866 to 1890 Developed in Mexico; Cattle (longhorns) & Horses; Equipment & Techniques; Clothes; Lingo |
| Discuss how cattle and sheep ranching developed in the West (cont.) | Spanish herds thrived on the grassy Mexican plains, Spanish settle in Mexico by the 1500s bringing cattle and horses, not indigenous to the Americans, 16-1700s; natives start using horses and it helps them to hunt buffalo |
| Describe the role mining played in bringing more people to the West. | Mining frontier developed many of the first cities in the west, Thousands of men poured into mining areas. Camps were hastily built and had no law enforcement. |
| Vigilante Justice | people not sanctioned by local state or federal government who take the law into their own hands |
| Describe the role mining played in bringing more people to the West (cont.) | Camps developed into towns, with hastily constructed buildings of stores and saloons. , As towns developed, women and children came to join the men, making the towns more respectable. Townspeople established churches, newspapers, and schools. |
Created by:
MLevy44
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