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U.S. History (Sem 2)
Final Exam Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| FDR's Main Goals in Fighting the Depression | Relief, recovery, and reform |
| Years for the Great Depression | 1929 to 1939 |
| Causes of the Great Depression | Stock market crash of 1929, banking panics, unemployment, and the Dust Bowl |
| New Deal | Created by FDR between 1933 and 1939. A domestic program to alleviate economic stress after the Great Depression. |
| Shanty Tows | Towns made up of shanties and shacks during the Great Depression |
| What brought an end to the Great Depression? | WWII |
| Roosevelt's Fireside Chat impacts | It calmed the nerves of people during the Great Depression and gave them hope |
| Why did voters vote for Roosevelt over Hoover? | Roosevelt had a "can-do" attitude and his main focus was on economic reformation. |
| Why was the New Deal a turning point in U.S. History? | It relieved the worries that banks were in poor financial conditions and helped prevent another Dust Bowl by planting 200+ million trees via the CCC. |
| Holocaust | A mass genocide where in Jews along with several other racial groups were killed off by Nazis. |
| How many Jews were killed in the Holocaust? | Six million European Jews. |
| Other groups that were killed during the Holocaust | Gypsies, Slavic People, Soviet Prisoners from the War, blacks, the disabled and others such as Communists, Socialists, Jehovha’s Witnesses, as well as homosexuals. |
| What religious group was killed by Germans in Concentration Camps? | Jehovah Witnesses |
| Under German rule, before Concentration Camps, where were Jews forced to live? | Ghettos |
| Genocide | Killing members of a group and preventing births within the group |
| What happened to Hitler in the end? | He committed suicide |
| In addition to the gas chambers, how did Nazi’s kill off the Jews? | Starvation |
| During the Holocaust, how were families separated? | Men, women, and children were all separated from one another |
| Holocaust and annihilation | Gas chambers, starvation, gun massacres, being beaten to death |
| What is the name for the laws that began to take away the rights of German Jews? | The Nuremberg Acts |
| Democracy | Government by the people |
| Fascism | Governmental system led by a dictator having complete power |
| Blitzkrieg | A form of a military attack |
| Kamikaze | Japanese suicide pilots |
| Axis Powers | Japan, Italy, and Germany |
| Why did United States decide to stay isolated from foreign affairs when WWII started? | Citizens felt they were dragged into WWI, they felt they should concentrate on problems at home, and the Congress passed laws from taking sides |
| Pearl Harbor events | It occurred on Sunday December 7, 1941. It crippled the Pacific Fleet. Approximately 3,000 Americans were killed. |
| Why did Great Britain and France declare war on Germany? | Because Germany invaded Poland |
| What event caused the U.S. to enter WWII? | The bombing of Pearl Harbor |
| Under what plan did the U. S. provided massive financial aid to rebuild European economies and prevent the spread of communism? | The Marshall Plan |
| Capitalist, Communist, Dictatorial, and Socialist meanings and which countries follow which ideals? | Capitalist - United States, Dictatorial - Germany, Communist -China |
| Baby Boom | It affected the demographics of the U.S. Society. It refers to the large numbers of babies born from 1945-1962. It was a result of men returning home from WWII |
| Similarities between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War | Both had political and economic ideologies, both were competing in the arms and space race, and both formed military alliances. |
| Cold War time period | 1945-1991 |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | The 1962 confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that almost escalated into a third war. |
| A state of tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union without actual fighting | Cold War |
| The war that created divisiveness among Americans throughout the 1960s | Vietnam War |
| How did women help in WWII | Among others, they joined the military, went to the workforce in factories, became nurses, and baseball players. |
| What kind of policy did Martin L. King, Jr., and other members of SCLC encouraged? | Nonviolent Protests |
| Freedom Riders | Those that brought about a federal ban on segregation in all interstate travel facilities. |
| Malcolm X | Appealed to many African Americans who were angered and frustrated over a lack of social and economic power and preached a militant approach to Civil Rights. |
| Sit-Ins | Civil Right activists used this technique to force segregated establishments to serve African Americans. |
| Civil Rights and Martin Luther King, Jr. | Many had long been deprived of their Civil Rights and the "I Have a Dream" speech of Martin Luther King Jr., during the March on Washington, in August 1963, appealed to most African Americans. |
| Vietnamization | President Nixon coined that term |
| McCarthyism | The term given for mass fear and hysteria about possible communists in the U.S. after WWII |
| The Highway Act of 1956 | Created 41,000 miles of expressways to connect to major American Cities stimulating the American economy, shortening travel times between cities, encouraging urban growth along major travel arteries, and gave us independence. |
| The two nations divided at the 38th parallel | North Korea and South Korea |
| Watergate | Based on the outcome of the Watergate investigation, and the subsequent resignation of President Nixon, many have used this scandal to point out the success of the constitution as a living document that applies to all Americans. |
| How did Truman justified dropping the atomic bomb on Japan? | He didn't want to lose anymore American troops by launching a direct land invasion of Japan |
| The Manhattan Project | The American development of the atomic bomb |
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nadia7524
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