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Semester One History
History Exam Identifications for Semester One
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| founded Rhode Island. Didn't agree with Puritan ideas | Roger Williams |
| said "No taxation without representation" in response to the Stamp Act | James Otis |
| Navel Hero (admiral) one of the colonies superior leaders during the revolution | John Paul Jones |
| founded Georgia, a debter's colony, king accepted to create buffer for Carolinas | James Oglethorpe |
| British general who surrendered at the Battle of Saratoga, the first battle America won where both sides had full fledged armies | John Burgoyne |
| ended the French and Indian war, Spanish gave up Florida, Cuba, and East of the Mississippi and the French were out of North America except for the sugar islands | Treaty of Paris 1763 |
| belief in a creating God. Gave man reason to discern natural laws. Felt man could control natural laws. | Deism |
| In response to the Intolerable Acts. Document that stated 'non importation, non exportation, and non consumption' | Continental Association |
| gave ideas for the Declaration of Independence in his book "Common Sense" Said colonies should be independent. | Thomas Paine |
| Commander of the British during the Battle of Quebec (French and Indian War) He died. | James Wolfe |
| Learned a lot about Colonial life from his diary. Written in code. | William Byrd |
| Shay's Rebellion in Mass. Organized an army to shut down court system because he didn't like the courts taking the land away from veterans. | Daniel Shays |
| said "life, liberty, and property" | John Locke |
| passage slaves traveled from Africa to the West Indies | "Middle Passage" |
| 3rd part of the Navigation Acts. Some goods can only be sold to England. | Enumerated Articles |
| Battle in NY. General Burgoyne surrenders. First time both armies met full fledged. America won. Lead to the French alliance because they recognized the US as an independent country. | Saratoga |
| Strong colonial general who went into Canada (brother of Clark [Lewis and Clark]) | George Rogers Clark |
| Founded Connecticut. Overflow from Mass. | Thomas Hooker |
| Leader of the Great Migration. He was Puritan. Several hundred puritans fled England for Mass. Bay | John Wintrop |
| French General during the Battle of Quebec in French and Indian War. French lost, he died. | General Montcalm |
| British General in the Battle of Yorktown. Surrendered to Washington. French navy blockaded the entrance. | General Cornwalls |
| One of the colonies superior leaders during the colonial war. Washington's friend. | Nathaniel Greene |
| Lead the Great Awakening. He "scared the hell out of people." It was a spiritual renewal. New Lights. | Johnathan Edwards |
| Road from Lexington to Concord (dyed with the blood of Patriots who died fighting the British) | Crimson Trail |
| Territory divided into 3-5 states. No slavery. <5000 free men: judges, gov. >5,000: non voting senator. 60,000 ppl: become a state. | Northwest Land Ordinance of 1787 |
| Divided after the Great Awakening. Old Lights believe that everything was good the way it was. They were mostly upper class and lived in Coastal places. | Old Lights |
| In response to the colonial boycott of the Stamp Act, parmilent can regulate colonies however they want cause of Revolution. Ended virtual rep. | Declaratory Act |
| Helped found Rhode Island. She went from Mass. She believed in predestination because God "spoke to her" she had a party philosophy. She was kicked out of Rhode Island and went to NY (later killed) | Anne Hutchinson |
| No laws for the establishment of religion. Freedom of speech and press. Right to assemble. Right to petition. | Amendment One |
| Right to keep and bear arms. | Amendment Two |
| No quartering of soilders | Amendment Three |
| No unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause. (Part of the Rights of the accused) | Amendment Four |
| No capital crimes without trial by grand jury. No same offence twice. Can't be deprived of life, liberty of property. Private property can't be taken without compensation. (Part of the Rights of the accused) | Amendment Five |
| Speedy and public trial. State and district where crime was committed. Cause and nature of accusation. Confronted by witness. Obtain witness in accused favor. Assistance of council for defense. (Part of the rights of the accused) | Amendment Six |
| Suits at common law exceeding $20. | Amendment Seven |
| No excessive bail. No cruel and unusual punsihments. | Amendment Eight |
| "Everything else" can't be denied or disparaged by the people. | Amendment Nine |
| Powers not delegated to constitution or prohibited to the states are the states/peoples | Amendment Ten |
| Supreme Court can not preside over a suit in law or equity in a trial against a state vs. a person not from that state. | Amendment Eleven |
| Anyone who becomes vice president must eligible to become president. Presidential and vice presidential ballots are cast seperately. | Amendment Twelve |
| No Slavery. | Amendment Thirteen |
| All citizens that have rights on the federal level have rights on the state level. No more 3/5ths compromise. No one can hold office who once held office in a "state of rebellion" | Amendment Fourteen |
| No states shall deny rights of citizens based on color, race, or previous condition of servitude. | Amendment Fifteen |
| Limited the criticism of the government. Alien: extends the number of years you have to live in the US to run for office (in time of war) Led to Virginia/Kentucky Resolves | Alien and Sedition Acts |
| Secretary of War during Washington's presidency. | John Knox |
| Created by Henry Clay. A second bank of the US. (20 year, private charter) Tariff (protective tariff) Internal Improvements (bridges and canals, ect) | American System |
| A protective tariff. Revenue tariff. | Report on Manufacturing |
| He disagreed with everything. Fought a duel with Henry Clay. Father of the first third party. | John Randolph of Roanoke |
| John Marshall, Garry, and Pinckney went to France but refused to bribe the officials to get a meeting with the prime minister. Almost went to war. | XYZ Affair |
| Part of the Missouri Compromise. No new slaves may enter Missouri. Children of slaves in MO were free at 25. | Tallmadge Amendment |
| Needed to pay for the revolution. Refunding the bonds, but they were only repaid to the owners at the current time. Used bonds to pay off state debts. Compromise: South will deal if the capital moves to DC | Report on Public Credit |
| Proposed by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. The states have created the government. States can nullify. | Virginia and Kentucky Resolves |
| Sneaky political move by Jackson. He made an incredibly high tax so that the North wouldn't accept it and the south would back him. Webster passed it. | Tariff of Abomination |
| Person who came over during the crisis in France. He was sent to raise money for France, Washington kicked him out of the country but later let him stay | Citizen Genet |
| Determined the border between America and Canada. 49th parallel. Demilitarized the border. | Convention of 1818 |
| One of Clay's compromises. 36'30 line, except for Missouri. No slavery above the line. | Thomas Amendment |
| 1814:2nd step in proposing the new gov. Echoes the VA/KY resolves Think they should be able to secede from the Union Would eliminate 3/5ths compromise. President only serves 1 term. No state could have more than 1 president. Feds look like traitors | Hartford Convention |
| Major Naval Hero. Victor at Lake Erie. | Oliver H. Perry |
| Proposed anonymously by John C. Calhoun. Adopted by SC legislative. Argues that the government is made up of the states. States can nullify laws. | SC Exposition and Protest |
| We will trade with everyone but England and France unless they repeal the Orders In Council and the decrees. Repealed for Macon's Bill #2. We'll trade with everyone but if England repeals the OIC, well stop trading with France. Vise versa | Nonintercourse Acts |
| Brought Florida from Spain for 5 million dollars. | Adams-Onis Treaty |
| first president. created a strong cabinet. Retired after 2 terms. Was valued for his strong character. | George Washington |
| Secretary of Treasury under Washington. Report on Public Credit -Sold bonds to pay off debt Report on Manufacturing -Protective tariff Report on the Bank -Government should control it | Alexander Hamilton |
| people that recruited Americans into British navy | press gangs |
| adjusted the borders of New England. Preserved essential peace, British evactuate, commercial prosperity. | Jay's Treaty |
| 11th hour appointments of federalists made by John Adams | Midnight Justices |
| gave court power to determine if laws are constitutional or not | Judicial Review |
| secret treaty in which Spain sold land to France, giving the other half of Miss. to France | Treaty of San D'Lafanso |
| brought land once owned by Spain from Napleon for $15 million (no specific border) | Louisiana Purchase |
| 1800-Can buy a half section (320 acres) on credit 1804-quarter section (160) also on credit | Land Acts |
| Miss./GA formed Yazoo land company that sold land. Became a major scam for personal profit | Yazoo Land Fraud |
| they differed over politics and the constitution. Aaron kills Hamilton. | Duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr |
| an American naval ship that was seized by the British | Chesapeake |
| tribes opposing American settlement | Indian Confederation |
| Jackson's friend. Met unofficially and offered advice, he listened | Kitchen Cabinet |
| when the president won, they could hand out jobs because they wanted to | Spoils System |
| started the Panic of 1837-all public land must be paid in cash | Species Circular |
| Jackson said country can not pay for interstate, states must | Road Veto Bill |
| couldn't survey land until the land in the west that was already surveyed was sold | Foote Resolution |
| Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia | Border States |
| nephew of Peirce Butler who defended the family honor by finding Sumner in the Senate and beating him with a cane. | Preston Brooks |
| main character in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter | Hester Pryne |
| political group who met in secret that wanted all foreigners out. WASP (White Anglo Saxon Protestants) | Know-Nothings |
| made up of 5 bills California=free Rest of Mexican territory comes in without the Wilmont Priviso Gov. assumes the debts of Texas No slave trade in DC Stricter Fugitive Slave law | Compromise of 1850 |
| result of the American Colonization Movement (sending slaves back to Africa) | Liberia |
| voted in the elections and then went home (pro slave) Kansas-Nebraska Act, people rushed in to vote. | Border Ruffians |
| Presidential canidate for southern democrats in the election of 1860. | John Breckenridge |
| ran against Lincoln for his senate seat, they would hold debates all over. Freeport Doctrine-he believed in popular soverignty | Stephen Douglas/Little Giant |
| mercenary who fought for Nicuraqua and ended up being president. They wanted to annex during the revival of manifest destiny | William Walker/Grey Eyed Man of Destiny |
| Daniel Webster negotiated with Lord Ashburton to settle the border for Maine, showed good relationship between US and GB | Webster-Ashburton Treaty |
| painter during the Romantic era. Painted Indian chiefs, families, and villages. | George Catlin |
| Lincoln-Douglas Debates. Lincoln asked Douglas if people could outlaw slavery in the territories. He believed in pop sov. so he said yes. South got mad. | Freeport Doctrine |
| rifles that were sent to the free state supporters in Kansas | Beecher's Bibles |
| secretary of state who replaced Webster (died on Taylor's boat The Princeton) | Abel Upshur |
| slave. cause of Dred Scott vs. Stanford under Taney. "Fake" case. Case to test the law. Taney decided that Scott was a slave so it wasn't valid but if it was, the Miss. Comp was unconst. | Dred Scott |
| wrote the last of the Mohecians | James Fenimore Cooper |
| former slave and powerful abolisitionist | Fredrick Douglas |
| John Brown goes to Pottawatamie Creek and shoots slave supporters in Kansas | Old Pottawattamie |
| led the education movement during the Romantic era. Concerned with education at primary and secondary levels | Horace Mann |
| leader of the abolitionsit movement. wrote about the economic failure of slavery, effective because he was writing from a southern prospective. | Hinton Rowan Helper |
| ambassador to Spain. Met with Buchanan and Mason and said that if Spain didn't sell Cuba, it was God's will for the Americas to take it | Pierre Solue |
| leader of the Temperance movement during the Romantic era | Neal Dow |
| wrote Leaves of Grass | Walt Whitman |
| failed, proposed they extend the Missouri Compromise line, Forbid Congress from abolishing slavery. North said no because of moral issues, south said no because it wasn't in their intrests | Crittenden Compromise |
| slave from SC who was planning an uprising, he was stopped | Denmark Vesey |
| Vice president of the Confederacy | Alexander Hamilton Stevens |
| women's rights meeting, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Stanton | Seneca Falls |
| designed Central Park during the Romantic Era, first landscape artist | Fredrick Law Olmstead |
| South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas | Lower South |
| published "The Liberator" popularized the abolitionist ideas | William Lloyd Garrison |
| said that Kansas could come in as a slave state if they gave up a large part of their land | LeCompton Constitution |
| treaty that ended the Mexican war. Stated that the Reo Grande would be the border Mexican Cession-$15 million (added another third of the continent to the US) | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| Polk's winning slogan in the Election of 1844. (The top border of Oregon) | "54 40 or fight!" |
| Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee | Upper South |
| Pierre Solue, Buchanan, and Mason (Spain, England and France ambassadors) said that if Spain didn't sell Cuba, it was God's will for the American to take it | Ostend Manifesto |
| people though about building a canal in the skinny part of south america. If they did, the treaty said that if would be a joint venture between the US and Great Britain | Clayton Bulwer Treaty |
| His Accidency | John Tyler |
| Young Hickory | Polk |
| Great Compromiser | Henry Clay |
| Old Rough and Ready | Zachary Taylor |
| Old Hickory | Andrew Jackson |
| Old Tippecanoe | Harrison |
| Little Magician | Van Buren |
| Old Fuss and Feathers | W. Scott |
| Pathfinder of the West | John Charles Freemont |
| union | scott |
| union | grant |
| union | sherman |
| union | sheridan |
| union | McCellan |
| union | Pope |
| union | Burnsides |
| union | Hooker |
| union | Mead |
| confedederacy | Lee |
| confedederacy | Johnston |
| confedederacy | Jackson |
| confedederacy | Bragg |
| confedederacy | Polk |
| confedederacy | Hampton |
| confedederacy | Johnson |
| confedederacy | Beauregard |
| confedederacy | Stewart |
| Election of 1796 | 2 Political Parties for the first time. Federalists: John Adams (P) Pinckney (VP) Democratic Republicans: Thomas Jefferson (P) Aaron Burr (VP) Bizarre Election: Adams (P) and Jefferson (VP) |
| Election of 1800 | Fed: Adams and Pinckney D/R: Jefferson and Burr Realized they messed up by voting for the two best people so they stuck to their parties. They tied and it went to the house. Jefferson and Burr won Leads to the 12th Amendment: vote on sep. ballots |
| Election of 1804 | D/R: Thomas Jefferson and George Clinton (Won) Fed: Pinckney |
| Election of 1808 | D/R: Madison (won) Fed: Pinckney |
| Election of 1812 | D/R: Madison (won) Fed: Clinton (not George) |
| Election of 1816 | D/R: Monroe (won) Fed: Rufus King |
| Election of 1820 | D/R: Monroe (won) Fed: No one |
| Election of 1824 | Caucus: gathering of the office holders to decide who is the best candidate. All democrats "Favorite Son Candidates" 1. Henry Clay W loses but likes Adams 2. Andrew Jackson W 3. John C. Calhoun S VP 4. William Crawford S stroke 5. John Quincy Adams N won |
| Election of 1828 | Democrats: Andrew Jackson (P) John C. Calhoun (VP) Whigs: John Quincy Adams (P) Henry Clay (VP) Jackson wins |
| Election of 1832 | Dem: Jackson (P) and Martin van Buren (VP) (won) Whigs: Henry Clay |
| Election of 1836 | Dem: Martin Van Buren Whigs: Harrison, White and Webster (clay wants the election to go to the house so that he will be able to make the decision) Van Buren wins |
| Election of 1840 | Dem: Van Buren Whigs: William Henry Harrison and VP: John Tyler Harrison is elected (he died) Tyler steps up and Clay doesn't like that and calls it his "Acciden-cy" |
| Election of 1844 | Dem: James K. Polk "Young Hickory" Whigs: Clay Polk wins |
| Election of 1848 | Dem: Louis Cass (squatter/popular sovereignty) Whigs: Zachary Taylor with VP Millard Fillmore Free Soil: Van Buren Taylor wins but dies later so Fillmore |
| Election of 1852 | Dem: Franklin Pierce Whigs: Winfield Scott Pierce won |
| Election of 1856 | Dem: John Buchanan Republicans: John Charles Fremont Know-nothings: Fillmore Democrats win |
| Election of 1860 | Democrats: Douglas Southern Democrats: Brekinridge (he was the VP under Buchanan) Republicans: Lincoln Constitutional Union Party: William Bell Lincoln Wins Lincoln: P=39% E=180 Douglas: P=29% E=12 Breckenridge: P=18% E=72 Bell: P=13% E=39 |
| Election of 1864 | Union: Abraham Lincoln with VP Andrew Johnson Democrat: George B. McClellan (opposed the war) Lincoln wins |
| Election of 1868 | Republicans: Ulysses Grant Democrats: Horatio Seymore Ulysses wins |
| Election of 1872 | Republicans: Ulysses Grant Democrats: H. Grueley Grant wins |
| Election of 1876 | Democrats:Samuel Tilden Republicans: Rutherford B. Hayes "Red Shirt Election" Tilden has popular majority. 3 states send in disputed electoral votes. Committee: House 5 Rep. Senate 5 Dem. S.C. 2-R 2-D 1 F(Davis) They awarded the votes to Hayes who wins |
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