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Unit 1 Fiction
Academic Vocabulary
| Term | Definition | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| connotative | connection to a word, positive or negative feelings connected with a word depending on the context of the word, emotional meaning. | I went on a blind date last night with a real weasel. |
| Context | the parts of a written or spoken statement that precede or follow a specific word or passage, usually influencing its meaning or effect | You do not understand what I said, because you took it out of context. |
| Denotative | dictionary definition, the literal meaning | Weasels are the smallest carnivorous mammal found in the world. |
| Glossary | a list normally at the back of a book, explaining or defining difficult or unusual words and expressions used in the text. | The glossary for the game "Call of Duty" includes definitions for words like boosting, crawler, meatball, and more. |
| Dictionary | a book, mobile device, or online lexical resource (such as Dictionary.com) containing a selection of the words of a language, giving information about their meanings, pronunciations, etymologies, inflected forms, derived forms, etc. | The slang dictionary defines "YEET" as an exclamation of excitement, approval, surprise, or all-around energy, often as issued when doing a dance move or throwing something. |
| Technical Dictionary | a book, mobile device, or online lexical resource containing a selection of the words for a specialized skill or design for a building, machine, equipment, etc. giving information about their meanings, pronunciations, use, etc. | A technical dictionary for computer science defines words such as algorithm, factorable code, radix and more. |
| Theme | a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work, which may be stated directly or indirectly. | The teacher said that she knew all of her students would pass with good grades. (Theme of optimism) |
| Plot | a literary term used to describe the events that make up a story, or the main part of a story. Five main elements of plot are exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and denoument, also known as "resolution." | A typical love story plot includes boy meets girl, a challenge separates boy and girl, boy/girl steps up and overcomes the challenge, boy and girl reunite, and then boy and girl live happily ever after. |
| Character | can be any person, a figure, an inanimate object, or animal. There are different types of characters, and each serves its unique function in a story or a piece of literature | Marvel has created some of the most recognizable characters ever such as Captain America, Black Panther, Black Widow, Spiderman, and many many more. |
| Dynamic Character | A character that changes during the course of a novel or a story. Sometimes called a “developing character.” | Ebenezer Scrooge from Dicken's famed "Christmas Carol" starts as a tight-fisted, grumpy old man but after encountering ghosts of Christmas past, present and future; Scrooge develops into a generous, joyful man. |
| Static Character | Character remains the same throughout the whole story. Even the events in a story or novel do not change character’s outlook, perceptions, habits, personality, or motivations. | Sherlock Holmes is an example of a static character. In every story he is a brilliant, socially awkward, and distant person. No matter what challenges he faces and overcomes; he is still a brilliant, socially awkward, and distant person. |
| Character Foil | a character that shows qualities that are in contrast with the qualities of another character. The objective is to highlight the traits of the other character. | In the Lord of the Rings trilogy, Sam is the foil of Frodo. Frodo is a reluctant hero fighting internal demons. Sam never waivers in his belief they will overcome all obstacles and unlike Frodo, Sam never waivers in faithfulness and decisiveness. |
| Annotate | to supply with critical or explanatory notes; comment upon in notes | Our teacher instructed us to annotate the story for plot and for figurative language like simile and metaphor. |
| Topic | a subject of a piece of literature or conversation; what the literature or conversation is about | The topic of discussion was individuality but the theme soon became how it is better to stand out than to fit in. |
| Inference | educated guess, logical conclusion based on presented facts | Julia works at a pet store and owns four cats, a lizard, a dog, and a rabbit. It can be inferred that Julia is a pet lover. |
| Prediction | to foretell the future, declare or tell in advance | Even though the team had never won a game, the coach predicted this week's game was going to be a winning game. |
| Text Evidence | quoting from the text | Veronica Roth's book Divergent offers themes of fear and bravery. Example, this quote from Four, the new recruits' trainer, "Becoming fearless isn't the point. That's impossible. It's learning how to control your fear, ..." (Chapter 18, Page 239) |
| Commentary | an explanation of an essay or other piece of literature. serves to illustrate a point. | GrAdeSaver's commentary regarding fear and bravery notes that Veronica Roth writes in her book Divergent that bravery is not without fear, but rather it is learning to act in spite of your fear and learning not to let fear control you. |
| Explicit | expressly developed, clearly defined | Jane said she was livid, livid because she couldn't believe anybody could be so hurtful. Jane was explicitly angry. |
| Implicit | implied, rather than expressly stated | Jane's face was red. You could almost see the steam coming from her ears like a kettle reaching a boiling point. How could anybody be so hurtful? -- Jane's reaction implied her anger toward anyone that could be so hurtful. |
| Genre | a type of art, literature, or music characterized by a specific form, content, and style | The first genre we studied was fiction with great, imaginative stories such as "Most Dangerous Game." |
| Diction | style of speaking or writing, determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer in a particular situation | The formal diction of the stranger implied that he was a professor or statesman. |
| Syntax | determines how the chosen words are used to form a sentence | The syntax used by a very angry person is usually short and deliberate sentences. For example, Shrek says to Donkey, "Ogres are like onions. Ogres have layers. Onions have layers. You get it? We both have layers." |
| Mood | the emotions the reader feels as a result of the atmosphere created by the author. | In Robert Frosts' "The Road Not Taken" the mood is gloomy, "I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I, I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference." |
| Voice | the form or format through which the narrator tells their story. Creates an emotional response in the reader whether whimsical, silly, or frightening. You may feel you know the author through their choice of words. | Sharon Flake in "The Skin I'm In" writes in the voice of a teenage girl who has suffered tragedy, been subjected to bullies, and is now trying to figure out who she really is. |
| Tone | the author's attitude towards what he is writing about | Sincere: She rose from her chair and exclaimed with a smile, 'Wow! Nice outfit!'" Sarcastic: She gave me one look and said, with a short laugh, 'Yea, right! Nice outfit!'" Insulting: She looked at me incredulously and said, "Ewww! Nice outfit!" |
| Active Voice | the subject of a sentence is performing an action directly. | The student ate five hamburgers! |
| Passive Voice | the subject of a sentence receives the action of the verb. | Five hamburgers must have been eaten by that one student! |
| Flashbacks | an interruption that writers do to insert past events in order to provide background or context. | Her mind drifted back to when everything was easy; easy to drive, easy to shop, easy to go outside; but today nothing was easy. |
| Foreshadowing | the author gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story | It began with the same old thinking and the same old results. (foreshadowing change) In Romeo and Juliet when Juliet first sees Romeo at a party, she demands her Nurse (nanny) "Go ask his name: if he be married. My grave is like to be my wedding bed." |
| Subplots | a secondary plot, or a strand of the main plot that runs parallel to it and supports it. also known as a "minor story" or as "B" or "C" story | One subplot in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare is the old rivalry between the Capulets and the Montagues, the family feud. |
| Parallel Plot | also known as parallel stories or parallel narratives. Writer creates two separate pieces linked by a common character, event, or theme. Often described as "braided" plots. | In Matrix Reloaded, Neo’s introspective and thoughtful plot with the architect of the matrix runs counterpoint with Trinity’s action plot as she sabotages the matrix and battles an agent. This contrast only heightens each plot line. |
| Linear Plot | follows one or more protagonists from the introduction of a conflict to its solution in chronological order. | Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone by J.K. Rowling is a linear plot: Harry goes to a new school, meets new friends, develops enemies, discovers strange happenings, saves everybody, and then returns home for the summer. |
| Irony | words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. Can also be a situation that ends up in a different way than expected. | The irony is I posted a video on YouTube about how boring and useless YouTube is. |
| Oxymoron | two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect. | cruel kindness, jumbo shrimp, "There was a love-hate relationship between neighboring states." "The professor was giving a lecture on virtual reality." |
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