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Chapter 1

58 Terms

TermDefinition
Geography The spatial study of people, place, space, and environment.
Human Geography One of the two major divisions of geography; the spatial analysis of human phenomena, including population, cultures, activities, and landscapes.
Globalization Processes heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country borders.
Fieldwork Observations researchers make of physical and cultural landscapes with a focus on seeing similarities and differences.
Patterns Description of the spatial distribution of a human or physical phenomenon .
Physical Geography One of the two major divisions of geography; the spatial analysis of physical phenomena, including climate, environmental hazards, weather systems, animals, and topography.
Spatial distribution Physical locations of geographic phenomena, usually shown on a map.
Pandemic An outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide.
Epidemic Widespread, rapid diffusion of disease among a people in a particular location or region at a particular time.
Spatial perspective Looking at where things occur, why they occur where they do, and how places are interconnected
Geographic concepts Mental categories used to organize and analyze the world spatially.
Location Position on Earth, including both absolute location and relative location
Absolute location Precise location of a place, usually defined by latitude and longitude.
Relative location The location of a place or attribute in reference to another place or attribute.
Location theory Understanding the distribution of cities, industries, services, or consumers with the goal of explaining why places are chosen as sites of production or consumption.
Human-environment interactions Reciprocal relationship between humans and environment
Environmental determinism Set of theories that use environmental differences to explain everything from intelligence to wealth.
Hearth Area or place where an idea, innovation, or technology originates.
Possibilism Theory in geography that humans, not environment, shape culture.
Carrying capacity The idea that land can hold a measurable amount of plant and animal life.
Cultural Ecology Study of the historical interaction between humans and environment in a place, including ways humans have modified and adapted to environment.v
Political Ecology An approach to studying human-environment interactions in the context of political, economic, and historical conditions operating at multiple scales
Region Area of Earth identified as sharing a formal, functional, or perceptual commonality that makes it different from regions around it.
Formal Region Area of land with common cultural or physical traits.
Cultural traits A learned belief, norm, or value passed down through generations in a culture.
Functional Region Area of land defined as sharing a common purpose in society.
Nodes Connection point in a network, where goods and ideas flow in, out, and through the network.
Perceptual/Vernacular Region Area of land that an individual perceives as being similar.
Place Uniqueness of a location.
Sense of place Infusing a place with meaning as a result of experiences in a place.
Perception of Place How a place is envisioned.
Movement Mobility of people, goods, and services across Earth .
Diffusion Spread of an idea, innovation, or technology from its hearth to other people and places.
Spatial interaction Degree of connectedness or contact among people or places.
Distance The land between two check points.
Accessibility Ease of flow between two places.
Connectivity Position of a place or area relative to others in a network.
Expansion Diffusion The spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth across space without the aid of people moving.
Contagious Diffusion Spread of an idea or innovation from one person or place to another person or place based on proximity.
Hierarchical Diffusion Spread of an idea or innovation from one person or place to another person or place based on a hierarchy of connectedness.
Stimulus Diffusion A process of diffusion where two cultural traits blend to create a distinct trait.
Relocation diffusion Spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them.
Cultural landscape The visible human imprint on the landscape.
Sequent Occupance Imprints left on the cultural landscape by a series of successive societies. Each society contributed to the cumulative cultural landscape.
Scale Geographical scope in which we analyze and understand a phenomenon.
Rescale Changing the geographical scope at which a problem is addressed by engaging decision makers and gatekeepers at another scale.
Context The physical and human geographies creating the place, environment, and space in which events occur and people act.
Cartography The art and science of making maps.
Reference maps Maps showing absolute location of places and geographic features.
Thematic maps A map that tells a story, typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon using map symbols.
Global Positioning System Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features.
Mental maps Maps of an area made from memory or experience by individuals or groups.
Activity spaces Places within the rounds of daily activity.
Terra Incognita Areas on maps that are not well defined because they are off limits or unknown to the map maker.
Remote sensing A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments that are physically distant from the area of study.
Geographic Information Systems A framework to organize, communicate, and understand the science of our world.
Culture Group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people.
Culture Complex A group of interrelated cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils.
Created by: Jordan Antevy
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