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Chapter 1 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Geography | Study of the spaces and place people create on the ground and in their minds, and the ways in which people use and shape the environment. |
| Human Organization | How we organize ourselves and our activities in space/how we are connected to one another and the environment. |
| Globalization | A set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and accelerating connectedness across country borders. |
| Fieldwork | Obervations researchers make of physical and cultural landscapes with a focus on seeing similarities and differences. |
| Patterns | Description of the spatial distribution of a human or physical environment |
| Physical Geography | study of the spatial and material characteristics of the physical environment |
| Spatial Distribution | The arrangement of a phenomenon across the Earth's surface and a graphical display of such an arrangement is an important tool in geographical and environmental statistics. |
| Pandemic | worldwide outbreaks of disease |
| Epidemic | a regional outbreak of disease |
| Spatial Perspective | looking at where things occur, why they occur where they do, and how places are interconnected |
| Geographic Concepts | mental categories used to organize and analyze the world spatially |
| Location | the geographical position of people and things on earth's surface |
| Absolute Location | precise location of a place, usually defined by latitude and longitude |
| Relative Location | location of a place or attribute relative to another place or attribute |
| Location Theory | understanding the distribution of cities, industries, services, or consumers with the goal of explaining why places are chosen as sites of production or consumption |
| Human-environment Interactions | reciprocal (mutually affecting each other) relationship between humans and the physical world |
| Environmental Determinism | idea that individual and collective human behavior is fundamentally affected by, or controlled by, the physical environment |
| Hearth | area or place where an idea, innovation, or technology originates |
| Possibilism | theory in geography that humans, not environment, shape culture |
| Carrying Capacity | idea that land can hold a measurable amount of plant and animal life |
| Culture Ecoloygy | study of the historical interaction between humans and environment in a place, including ways humans have modified and adapted to environment |
| Region | area of earth with a degree of similarity that differentiates ut from surrounding areas |
| Formal Region | area of land with common cultural or physical traits |
| Cultural traits | a learned belief, norm, or valued passed down through generations in a culture |
| Functional Region | an area that shares a common purpose |
| Nodes | places that functions as central connecting points for a functional region |
| Perceptual/Vernacular Region | images people carry in their minds based on accumulated knowledge of peoples, places and things |
| Place | uniqueness of a location |
| Sense of Place | infusing a place with meaning as a result of experiences in a place |
| Perception of Place | how a place we never been to is envisioned |
| Movement | refers to the mobility of people, goods, and ideas |
| Diffusion | spread of an idea, innovation, or technology from its hearth (origin) to other people and places |
| Spatial Interaction | degree of connectedness or contact among people or places |
| Distance | measured physical space |
| Accessibility | ease of reaching one location from another |
| Connectivity | degree of linkage between locations in a network |
| Expansion Diffusion | spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth across space without the aid of people moving |
| Contagious Diffusion | spread of an idea or innovation from one person or place to another person or place based on proximity |
| Hierarchical Diffusion | spread of an idea or innovation from one person or place based on a hierarchy of connectedness |
| Stimulus Diffusion | process of diffusion where two cultural traits blend to create a distinct traitC |
| Relocation Diffusion | spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them |
| Cultural landscape | visible human imprint on the landscape |
| Sequent Occupance | imprints left on the cultural landscape by a series of successive societies |
| Scale | 1: distance on a map compared to the distance on earth 2: spatial extent of something (the scale of something) |
| Rescale | changing the geographical scope at which a problem is addressed by engaging decisions makers and gatekeepers at another scale |
| Context | bigger picture in which a human or physical geography phenomenon takes place |
| Cartography | art and science of making maps |
| Reference maps | V show locations of places and geographical features |
| Thematic maps | a map that tells a story, typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographical phenomenon using map symbols |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographical features |
| Mental maps | maps of an area made from memory or experience by individuals or groups (cognitive maps) |
| Activity Spaces | places within the rounds of daily activity |
| Terra Incognita | unknown lands that are sometime off-limits |
| Remote Sensing | method of collecting data or information through instruments that are physically distant from the area of study |
| Geographical Information Systems (GIS) | system of computer hardware and software designed to show, analyze, and represent geographic data (data that has locations |
| Culture | group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people |
| Culture Complex | group of interrelated cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils |
| Political Ecology | approach to studying human-environment interactions in the context of political, economic, and historical coditions operating at multiple scales |
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