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Chp 4-7 Key Terms
Maternity and Pediatric
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abstinence | refraining from vaginal sexual intercourse |
| amenorrhea | absence of menstruation |
| coitus interruptus | requires the man to pull the penis out of the vagina before ejaculation to avoid depositing sperm in or near the vagina |
| dysmenorrhea | painful menstruation |
| dyspareunia | painful intercourse |
| elective abortion | an abortion performed at the woman's request that does not involve preservation of health |
| endometriosis | an infection of the uterine lining |
| gestational surrogate | a woman who donates the use of her uterus, or she may also donate her ovum and agree to be inseminated with the male partner's sperm |
| induced abortion | the purposeful interruption of pregnancy before 20 weeks' gestation |
| infertility | the inability to conceive after a year or more of regular and unprotected intercourse, or the inability to carry a pregnancy to term |
| menorrhagia | heavy or prolonged uterine bleeding |
| metrorrhagia | menstrual bleeding that is normal in amount but occurs at irregular intervals between menstrual periods |
| perimenopause | the time before menopause when vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats) and irregular menses begin |
| postcoital test | evaluates the interaction of the man's sperm with the woman's cervical mucus |
| spontaneous abortion | loss of a pregnancy before the age of viability (<20 weeks of gestation or fetal size <500g) -the common name for early pregnancy loss is miscarriage |
| therapeutic abortion | a pregnancy termination performed for reasons related to maternal or fetal health or disease |
| amnion | a thick fibrous lining, made up of several layers, that helps to protect the fetus and forms the inner part of the sac in the fetus grows |
| amniotic fluid | the specialized fluid that fills the amniotic cavity and serves to protect the fetus |
| blastocyst | the structure that forms about 5 days after fertilization when the dividing cell mass develops a hollow, fluid-filled core |
| chorion | a second layer of thick fibrous tissue that surrounds the amnion |
| chorionic villi | finger-like projections that extend out from the chorion giving it a rough appearance |
| cleavage | the process of mitotic division performed by the zygote |
| decidua | the endometrium that has changed to support a pregnancy |
| dizygotic | fraternal twins that develop from separate egg and sperm fertilizations |
| ductus arteriosus | prenatal blood vessel between the pulmonary artery and the aorta that closes functionally within the first 3 or 4 days of life |
| ductus venosus | prenatal blood vessel between the umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava -does not achieve complete closure until the end of the second month of life |
| ectopic pregnancy | a pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus |
| embryo | the developing conceptus, from weeks 2 through 8 |
| fetus | term for the organism after it has reached the eighth week of life and acquires a human likeness |
| foramen ovale | opening between the left and right atria of the fetal heart that closes with the first breath |
| gametogenesis | the formation and development of gametes or germ cells by the process of meiosis |
| monozygotic | -identical twins that are derived from one zygote one egg and one sperm divide into two zygotes shortly after fertilization |
| morula | the solid cell cluster that forms about 3 days after fertilization, when the total cell count has reached 32 |
| teratogen | agent or influence that causes a defect or disruption in the prenatal growth process. The effect of a teratogen depends on when it enters the fetal system and the stage of differentiation of the organs or organ systems at that time. |
| Wharton jelly | a clear gelatinous substance that gives support to the cord and helps prevent compression of the cord, which could impair blood flow to the fetus |
| zygote | results when an ovum and a spermatozoon unite. The zygote has the full complement of 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs. -also known as a conceptus |
| ballottement | a probable sign of pregnancy that occurs when the examiner pushes up on the uterine wall during a pelvic examination, then feels the fetus bounce back back against the examiner's fingers |
| Braxton Hicks contractions | the painless, intermittent, "practice" contractions of pregnancy |
| Chadwick sign | the bluish-purplish color of the cervix, vagina, and perineum during pregnancy |
| chloasma | brown blotchy areas on the forehead, cheeks, and nose of the pregnant women -mask of pregnancy |
| colostrum | thin, yellowish, milky fluid secreted by the woman's breasts during pregnancy or just after delivery (before the secretion of milk) |
| couvade syndrome | phenomenon in which some fathers actually experience some of the physical symptoms of pregnancy, such as nausea and vomiting, along with their partner |
| diastasis recti abdominis | separation of the rectus abdominis muscle that supports the abdomen |
| glycosuria | glucose in the urine |
| Goodell sign | softening of the cervix during pregnancy |
| Hegar sign | softening of the uterine isthmus during pregnancy |
| linea nigra | a darkened line that develops on the skin in the middle of the abdomen of pregnant women |
| lordosis | forward curvature of the lumbar spine -swayback |
| Montgomery tubercles | sebaceous glands on the areolas that produce secretions that lubricate the nipple. -become more prominent during pregnancy |
| pica | compulsive eating of nonfood substances |
| pyrosis | heartburn caused by acid reflux through the relaxed lower esophageal sphincter (LES) |
| scurvy | a disease the results from severe vitamin C deficiency and is characterized by spongy gums, loosened teeth, and bleeding into the skin and mucous membrane |
| striae | stretch marks |
| supine hypotensive syndrome | condition that occurs during late pregnancy in which the gravid uterus can compress the women's vena cava and aorta, causing the blood pressure to fall when the woman is in the supine position |
| amniocentesis | a diagnostic procedure whereby a needle is inserted into the amniotic sac and a small amount of fluid is withdrawn and used for biochemical, chromosomal, and genetic studies. |
| biophysical profile (BPP) | a method that uses a combination of factors to determine fetal well-being |
| chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | a newer procedure that can provide chromosomal studies of fetal cells similar to that of amniocentesis |
| cordocentesis or percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) | a procedure similar to amniocentesis whereby fetal blood is withdrawn from the umbilical cord |
| doula | birth assistants who are trained to provide the highest quality emotional, physical, and educational support to women and their families during childbirth and the postpartum period. -greek for servant |
| estimated date of delivery | the estimated date that the baby will be born |
| gravida | the number of pregnancies the woman has had (regardless of outcome) |
| microcephaly | a very small cranium |
| multigravida | a woman who has had more than one pregnancy |
| Naegele rule | a formula used to determine the pregnancy due date by adding 7 days to the date of the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP), then subtracting 3 months |
| nulligravida | a woman who has never been pregnant |
| parity | communicates the outcome of previous pregnancies in the obstetric history -also known as para |
| sonogram | a picture obtained with ultrasound |
Created by:
ahoyyitbeaddi
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