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Chapter 2 Vocabulary
Question | Answer |
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Demography | The study of general population trends. |
Population Density | Number of people per unit area of land. |
Arithmetic population density | Number of people per unit area of land. To calculate: divide the population of an area by the amount of land (in sq miles or sq km). |
Population distribution | Description of spatial distribution of people, including where large numbers of people live closely together and where few people live. |
Dot maps | Thematic map where individual symbols represent a certain number of cases of a phenomenon. For example, a map where one dot represents 100,000 people. |
Megalopolis | An urban agglomeration that stretches from Washington, DC in the south to Boston, Massachusetts in the north. |
Natural increase rate | Difference between number of births and deaths in a year. Positive if births exceed deaths and negative if deaths exceed births. Does not include emigration and immigration |
Crude birth rate (CBR) | Number of live births per 1000 people among a population in an area in a year. |
Crude death rate (CDR) | Number of deaths per 1000 people among a population in an area in a year. |
Contraceptive prevalence rate | Percent of women who are currently using or have a sexual partner who is using a method of contraception. |
Doubling time | Time required for a population to double in size. |
Total fertility rate (TFR) | The average number of children born to a woman of childbearing age. |
Old-age dependency ratio | Number of people 65 years of age or older for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 (working age population). |
Child dependency ratio | Number of people between the ages of 0 and 14 for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64. |
Population composition | Structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education. |
Population pyramids | A graphic representation of the age and sex composition of a population. |
Demographic transition | Observation that a country’s birth rate and death rate change in predictable ways over stages of economic development. Model is based on population change in Western Europe. |
Zero population growth | State in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births |
Infant mortality rate (IMR) | Probability per 1000 live births that a child will die before reaching age one year. |
Life expectancy | The average number of years a person is expected to live. |
Epidemiological transition | Change in the pattern of mortality in society from high mortality among infants ( including malnutrition and diarrheal disease) and periods and widespread friend to high mortality for, degenerative diseases which coincide with longer life expectancy. |
Infectious diseases | Diseases that are spread by bacteria, or parasites. Infectious disease that use directly or in directly from human to human. |
Degenerative diseases | Generally long-lasting afflictions, now more common because of longer life expectancies |
Genetic or inherited diseases | Disease caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in humans. |
Malaria | Vectored disease spread by a certain type of mosquitoes. |
Expansive population policies | Government policies designed to encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth. |
Eugenic population policies | Government policies designed to limit population growth among a certain group of people. |
Restrictive population policies | Government policies designed reduce the rate of natural population increase (also called antinatalist) |