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Chapter 2
AP Human Geography Vocab.
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Demography | The study of general population trends. |
Population Density | Number of people per unit area of land. |
Arithmetic Population Density | Number of people per unit area of land. To calculate: Divide the population of an area by the amount of land (in sq miles or sq km). |
Population Distribution | Description of spatial distribution of people, including where large numbers of people live closely together and where few people live. |
Dot Map | Thematic map where individual symbols represent a certain number of cases of a phenomenon. For example, a map where one dot represents 100,000 people. |
Megalopolis | An urban agglomeration that stretches from Washington, DC in the south to Boston, Massachusetts in the north. |
Natural Increase Rate | Difference between number of births and deaths in a year. Positive if births exceed deaths and negative if deaths exceed births. Does not include emigration and immigration. |
Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | Number of live births per 1000 people among a population in an area in a year. |
Crude Death Rate (CDR) | Number of deaths per 1000 people among a population in an area in a year. |
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate | Percent of women who are currently using or have a sexual partner who is using a method of contraception. |
Doubling Time | Time required for a population to double in size. |
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | The average number of children born to a woman of child-bearing age. |
Old-Age Dependency Ratio | Number of people 65 years of age or older for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 (working age population). |
Child Dependency Ratio | Number of people between the ages of 0 and 14 for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 (working age population). |
Population Composition | Structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education. |
Population Pyramid | A graphic representation of the age and sex composition of a population. |
Demographic Transition | Observation that a country’s birth rate and death rate change in predictable ways over stages of economic development. Model is based on population change in western Europe. |
Zero Population Growth | A state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births. |
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | Probability per 1000 live births that a child will die before reaching age 1 year. |
Life Expectancy | The average number of years a person is expected to live. |
Epidemiological Transition | Change in the pattern of mortality in a society from high mortality among infants (including malnutrition and diarrheal disease) and periods of widespread famine to high mortality from degenerative diseases which coincide with longer life expectancies. |
Infectious Diseases | Diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Infectious diseases diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human. |
Degenerative Diseases | Chronic diseases. They coincide with longer life expectancies. |
Genetic or Inherited Diseases | Diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in humans. |
Malaria | Vectored disease spread by a certain type of mosquitoes. |
Expansive Population Policies | Government policies designed to encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth. |
Eugenic Population Policies | Government policies designed to limit population growth among a certain group of people. |
Restrictive Population Policies | Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural population increase (also called antinatalist). |