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Chapter 1

Chapter 1 Introduction

QuestionAnswer
study of structure and shape of the body Anatomy
what is the greek root of "anatomy" to cut apart
studying large and easily observable structures Gross Anatomy
study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye Microscopic anatomy
study how the body and its parts work or function Physiology
atoms bond to form molecules with three dimensional structures Chemical or Molecular level
a variety a molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of body cell cellular level
basic structural and functional units of organisms cells
is a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them tissue level
is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions organ level
group of organ classified as a unit because of common function or set functions organ system level
many organ system work harmoniously together to perform functions of an interdependent organism organism level
provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss and helps produce vitamin D Integumentary system
provided protection and support, allows body movement, produce blood cells and stores materials Skeletal system
body movements maintains posture and produce body heat Muscular system
major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction Endocrine system
detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes and intellectual functions Nervous system
transport materials in body via blood pumped by heart Cardiovascular system
returns fluids to b.v Lymphatic system
keeps blood supplies with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide Respiratory system
breaks down food, allows nutrients absorption into blood Digestive system
eliminates nitrogenous wastes, maintains acid-base balance Urinary system
site of fertilization and fetal development Female Reproductive system
transfers sperm cell to the female and produces hormones Male reproductive system
Locomotion, movement of substances Movement
ability to sense changes and reacts Responsiveness
break-down and delivery of nutrients Digestion
production of energy making body structures Metabolism
elimination of wastes from metabolic reactions Exertion
production of future generation Reproduction
increasing of cell size and number Growth
what are the maintaining life Maintain Boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Exertion Reproduction Growth
what are the survival needs Nutrients Oxygen Water stable body temperature Atmospheric pressure must be appropriate
includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals Nutrients
required for chemical reactions Oxygen
60%-80% of body weight and provides for metabolic reaction Water
maintenance of a stable internal environment a dynamic state of equilibrium Homeostasis
a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in diseases Homeostatic Imbalance
responds to changes in the environment, sends information to control center receptors
determines set point and appropriate response and analyzes information Control Center
provides a mean for response to be stimulus Effector
shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity negative - feedback
increases the original stimulust o push the variable further positive-feedback
standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward Anatomical postion
allow medical personnel and anatomists to explain one body structure is in relation to another Directional terms
upper part of a structure superior (cranial)
lower part of a structure Inferior (caudal)
front of the body anterior (ventral)
backside of the body posterior (dorsal)
midline of the body; inner side of the body medial
away from the midline of the body lateral
between a more medial and more lateral structure intermediate
close to the origin of the body part proximal
farther from the origin of the body part distal
at the body surface superficial (external)
away from the body structure depp (internal)
to designate specific body areas regional terms
space inside the body skull cranial cavity
extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column Spinal cavity
surrounded by the rib cage and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular diaphragm Thoracic cavity
bounded primarily by the abdominal muscles abdominal cavity
stomach abdominal cavity
intestine abdominal cavity
spleen abdominal cavity
pancreas abdominal cavity
kidneys abdominal cavity
small space enclosed by the bones of the pelvic pelvic cavity
urinary bladder pelvic cavity
part of large intestine pelvic cavity
internal reproductive organs pelvic cavity
divide into four more or less equal regions and can also divide into nine separate regions Abdominal cavity
what are the four quadrants RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ
centermost region umbilical region
located superior to the umbilical region epigastric region
inferior to the umbilical region hypogastric region
lateral to they hypogastric region right and left iliac regions
lie lateral to the umbilical region right and left lumbar region
flank to the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs right and left hypochondriac regions
Right Hypochondriac Liver Gallbladder Right Kidney small intestine
Epigastric region stomach liver pancreas duodenum spleen adrenal glands
Left hypochondriac spleen colon left kidney pancreas
Right Lumbar Gallbladder Liver Right Colon
Umbilical region umbilicus (navel) Parts of the small intestine duodenum
Left lumbar descending colon left kidney
Right iliac appendix cecum
Hypogastric region urinary bladder sigmoid colon reproductive organs
left Iliac descending colon sigmoid colon
Created by: arri019
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