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Chapter 3 Vocab
AP Human Geography
Term | Definition |
---|---|
cyclic movements | A regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the same home base in a relatively short period of time. |
activity spaces | Places within the rounds of daily activity. |
snowbirds | Retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and Canada for most of the year and move to warm states for the winter. |
pastoralism | A type of cyclic movement when herders move livestock through the year to continually find fresh water and green pastures. |
transhumance | Migration pattern in which livestock are led to highlands during summer months and lowlands during winter months to graze. |
relocation diffusion | When an idea or innovation spreads from its hearth by the action of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them. |
international migration | Purposeful movement of people from one country to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay. |
emigrants | A person who permanently moves out of their home country. |
immigrants | A person who permanently moves into a new country. |
net migration | Difference between the number of immigrants (those coming into a country) and the number of emigrants (those leaving a country). |
refugees | Migrants who flee their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country. |
remittances | Money that migrants send back to families and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many lower income (peripheral) countries. |
reverse remittances | Money flowing from home countries to migrants in their destination countries. |
guest workers | Migrants who are invited into a country to work temporarily, are granted work visa status, and are expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa. |
islands of development | Cities in developing regions where foreign investment is concentrated and to which rural migrants are drawn. |
internal migration | Purposeful movement of people within a country from one location to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay; when migrants stay in the same country but move to a different part of the country. |
diaspora | Dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force. |
assimilation | When a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. Can happen voluntarily or by force. |
human trafficking | A form of forced migration where people are involuntary sold and traded for manual labor or as workers in the commercial sex trade. |
gulags | Forced labor or prison labor camps. Most often associated with authoritarian countries. |
distance decay | Decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth. |
gravity model | Urban geography model that mathematically predicts the degree of interaction and probability of migration (and other flows) between two places. |
push factors | Circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to leave the home country. |
pull factors | Circumstances a migrant considers when deciding where to migrate. |
intervening opportunity | Presence of an opportunity near a migrant’s current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a site farther away. |
unauthorized or undocumented migrants | Migrants who do not have legal permission to stay in the country where they live. They can also enter a country without permission by crossing a border without legal approval. |
coyotes | Those who smuggle people across the border for a sizable fee. |
chain migration | Permanent movement from one place to another that follows kinship links. For example, a group of migrants settles in a place and then communicates with family and friends at their former location to encourage migration along the same path. |
repatriation | A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non governmental organization. |
asylum seekers | Migrant who claims the right to protection as a refugee in a country other than their home country. |
internally displaced persons (IDPs) | People who have been displaced within their home country and do not cross international boundaries. |
Bracero Program | Laws and agreements passed in the U.S. and Mexico in 1942 to encourage Mexicans to migrate to the United States to work in agriculture. |