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Chapter 3
AP Human Geography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cyclic Movement | Regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place. A form of movement |
| Activity Spaces | Places within rounds of daily activity |
| Snowbirds | Retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and Canada for most of the year and move to warm states for the winter. |
| Pastoralism | A type of cyclic movement when herders move livestock through the year to continually find fresh water and green pastures |
| Transhumance | Migration pattern in which livestock are led to highlands during summer months and lowlands during winter months to graze |
| Relocation Diffusion | Spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them |
| International Migration | Purposeful movement of people within a country from one location to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay |
| Emigrants | A person who permanently moves out of their home country |
| Immigrants | A person who permanently moves into a new country |
| Net migration | Difference between the number or immigrants and the number of emigrants |
| Refugees | Migrants who flee their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country |
| Remittances | Money that migrants send back to families and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many lower income countries |
| Reverse remittances | Money flowing from home countries to migrants in their destination countries |
| Guest workers | Migrants who are invited into a country to work temporarily, are granted work visa status, and are expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa |
| Islands of Development | Cities in developing regions where foreign investment is concentrated and to which rural migrants are drawn |
| Internal Migration | Purposeful movement of people within a country from one location to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay |
| Diaspora | Dispersal of people from their homelands to a new place, either voluntarily or by force |
| Assimilation | When a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. This can be voluntarily or by force |
| Human Trafficking | A form of forced migration where people are involuntarily sold and traded for manual labor or as workers in the commercial sex trade |
| Gulags | Forced labor or prison camps. Most often associated with authoritarian countries |
| Distance Decay | Decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth |
| Gravity Model | Urban geography model that mathematically predicts the degree of interaction and probability of migration( and other flows) |
| Push factors | Circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to leave the home country |
| pull factors | Circumstances a migrant considers when deciding where to migrate |
| intervening opportunity | Presence of an opportunity near a migrant's current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a site father away |
| Unauthorized or Undocumented migrants | Migrants who don't have legal permission to stay in the country where they live. Includes those who enter the country legally, with a visa, and remain after the visa expires or by crossing the bored without legal approval |
| Coyotes | People who smuggle people across the border for a sizeable fee |
| Chain Migration | Permanent movement from one place to another that follows kinship links. |
| repatriation | A group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non governmental organization |
| asylum seekers | migrant who claims the right to protection as a refugee in a country other than their home country |
| internally displaced persons (IDP's) | People who have been displaced their home country and do not cross international borders |
| Bracero Program | Laws and agreements passed in the US and Mexico in 1942 to encourage Mexicans to migrate into the US to work in agriculture |
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