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cyclic movement
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ch 3 vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cyclic movement | regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place |
| activity spaces | places within the rounds of daily activity |
| snowbirds | retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and Canada for most of the year and move to warm states for winter |
| pastoralism | a type of cyclic movement when herders move livestock through the year to continually find fresh water and green pastures |
| transhumance | migration pattern in which livestock are led to highlands during summer months and lowlands during winter months to graze |
| relocation diffusion | spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them |
| international migration | purposeful movement of people from one country to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay |
| emigrant | a person who permanently move out of their home country |
| immigrant | a person who permanently moves into a new country |
| net migration | difference between the number of immigrants (those coming into a country) and the number of emigrants (those leaving a country) |
| refugees | migrants who flee their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country |
| remittance | money that migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many lower income (peripheral) countries |
| reverse remittances | money flowing from home countries to migrants in their destination countries |
| guest workers | migrants who are invited into a country to work temporarily, are granted work visa status and are expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa |
| islands of development | cities in developing regions where foreign investment is concentrated and to which real migrants are drawn |
| internal migration | purposeful movement of people within a country from one location to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay |
| diaspora | dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force |
| assimilation | when a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture; can happen voluntarily or by force |
| human trafficking | a form of forced migration where people are involuntarily sold and traded for manual labor or as workers in the commercial sex trade |
| gulags | forced labor or prison labor camps; most often associated with authoritarian countries |
| distance decay | decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth |
| gravity model | urban geography model that mathematically predicts the degree of interaction and probability of migration (and other flows) between two places |
| push factors | circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to leave the home country |
| pull factors | circumstances a migrant considers when deciding where to migrate |
| intervening opportunity | presence of an opportunity near a migrant's current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a site farther away |
| unauthorized/undocumented migrants | migrants who do not have legal permission to stay in the country where they live |
| coyotes | people who smuggle unauthorized migrants across a border for a sizable fee |
| chain migration | permanent movement from one place to another than follows kinship links |
| repatriation | a refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of a government or a non governmental organization |
| asylum seekers | migrant who claims the right to protection as a refugee in a country other than their home country |
| internally displaced persons (IDPs) | people who have been displaced within their home country and so not cross international boundaries |
| Bracero Program | laws and agreements passed in the US and Mexico in 1942 to encourage Mexicans to migrate to the US to work in agriculture |
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