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Chapter 3

AP Human Geography

Term	Definition
Cyclic Movement	Regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place. A form of movement.
Activity Spaces	places in which people move in the rounds of everyday activity.
Snowbirds	retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and Canada for most of the year and move to warm states like Florida, California, and Arizona for the winter.
Pastoralism	happens when herders move livestock throughout the year to continually find freshwater and green pastures.
Transhumance	specialized form of pastoralism practiced in mountain areas when ranchers move livestock vertically to graze on highlands during summer months and lowlands during winter months.
Relocation diffusion	the action of moving to a new place and establishing one's home or business there
International immigration	movement across country borders.
Emigrants	Those who migrate out of a country
Immigrants	Those who migrate into a country
Net Migration	Difference between the number of immigrants (those coming into a country) and the number of emigrants (those leaving a country).
Refugees	Migrants fleeing violence and persecution to find safety
Remittances	Non-refugee migrants who come from lower income regions and countries searching for better economic opportunities in the semiperiphery and core often do so in hopes of earning enough to send money back to their families in their home countries.
Reverse remittances	money flowing from other countries to the United States.
Guest workers	migrants who were invited into a country to work temporarily, were granted work visa status, and were expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa.
Islands of development	conveys a place where infrastructure, housing, jobs, and businesses thrive in the middle of a more rural and less developed countryside
Internal migration	when migrants stay in the same country but move to a different part of the country.
Diaspora	a dispersal
Assimilation	When a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. Can happen voluntarily or by force.
Human trafficking	the recruitment of people by force, coercion, deception, or abduction with the aim of controlling and exploiting the person for labor or sexual exploitation.
Gulags	prison labor camps
Distance Decay	the idea that the likelihood of a trait or innovation diffusing decreases the farther away in time or distance it moves from its origin (hearth).
Gravity model	mathematical prediction of the degree of interaction and probability of migration (and other flows) between two places is based on population size and the distance between them.
Push factors	the conditions and perceptions that help a migrant decide to leave a place.
Pull factors	what attracts a migrant to a certain destination, the factors that help the migrant decide where to go.
Intervening opportunity	an opportunity near a migrant’s current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a site farther away.
Unauthorized or undocumented migrants	those who enter a country legally, as authorized migrants with a visa, and then stay when the visa expires. They can also enter a country without permission by crossing a border without legal approval.
Coyotes	smuggle people across the border for a sizable fee.
Chain migration	Permanent movement from one place to another that follows kinship links. For example, a group of migrants settles in a place and then communicates with family and friends at their former location to encourage migration along the same path.
Repatriation	Once violence and persecution decrease and the conditions of the home country improve, the UNHCR helps return refugees to their homelands, a process called repatriation.
Asylum seekers	people who have left their home country where they are experiencing persecution and human rights violations and are seeking protection in another country, but have not been legally recognized as refugees.
Internally displaced persons (IDP’s)	people who must leave their homes but remain in their own countries.
Bracero Program	invited Mexicans to come to the United States to work in agriculture

Created by: kayla.giset

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