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A & P Week 2

Ch 3 & Ch 4

Question	Answer
Polysaccharide is a lipid.	False it is one of the three types of carbohydrates.
What term is often used to describe certain arrangements of atoms attached to the carbon core of many organic molecules?	functional group
What determines how a protein performs?	shape
The lipid that is often referred to as a tissue hormone is	prostaglandin.
A saturated fatty acid is one in which	all available bonds of its hydrocarbon chain are filled.
True/ False A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol molecule and three of the same type of fatty acid.	False
A very large molecule composed of subunits of sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate bond is a	nucleic acid.
True/False When two amino acids are joined, a peptide bond is formed and an H+ ion is released.	False
True/False RNA and DNA have the same pyrimidine bases but different purine bases.	False
ATP	is the form of energy that cells generally use.
DNA and RNA are important because	information molecules.
Which of the following is polymer of glucose that is sometimes referred to as animal starch?	Glycogen
Proteins are polymers of	amino acids.
All proteins have which four elements?	carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
True/False Chaperone proteins assist in the proper folding of other proteins so they can have the correct functional shape.	True
Which term means “water loving” and applies to the phospholipid head?	hydrophilic
The most important monosaccharide is	glucose.
Any large molecule made up of many identical small molecules is called a(n)	polymer.
The carbon-containing molecules formed by living things are often called	organic molecules.
In base pairing of DNA molecules, _____ is bound to _____.	adenine; thymine
Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide?	Creatine phosphate
Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body?	Salts
Amino acids frequently become joined by:	peptide bonds.
Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics?	Both have a ring structure in their molecule.
If one side of a DNA molecule is CTAGGCTG, the other side would be:	GATCCGAC.
Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids?	They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end.
What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids?	Degree of saturation
Peptide bonds join together molecules of:	amino acids.
The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories?	Structural and functional
The amino group in an amino acid is:	NH3+.
When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide?	Maltose
Which lipid acts as a “tissue hormone”?	Prostaglandin
The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure?	Secondary
The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is:	nitrogen.
Which lipid is part of vitamin D?	Steroids
Which of the following is not true of carbohydrates?	They include substances commonly called sugars. They are the body’s primary source They are a part of both DNA and RNA. of energy.
Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids?	Primary
All of the following substances are organic except:	electrolytes.
The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called:	dehydration synthesis.
The types of lipids found that form hormones, such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone are:	steroids.
Which of the following is true of RNA?	It contains ribose sugar. It contains adenine. It is composed of smaller molecules called nucleotides.
The basic building blocks of fats are:	fatty acids and glycerol.
The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____, with _____ being the dominant component.	carbohydrate and protein; protein
Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet, are called:	essential amino acids.
A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a:	triglyceride. steroid.
DNA:	is a double-helix strand of nucleotides.
Unsaturated fats:	will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms.
Sometimes referred to as animal starch, _____ is the main polysaccharide in the body.	glycogen
A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons.	free radical
The type of lipoprotein associated with “bad” cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is:	LDL.
What can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases, are electrolytes, will form crystals if the water is removed.	Salts
The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body?	96%
What dissociates very little in solution.	A weak acid
As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) increases, the:	solution becomes more basic. pH rises.
The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a(n) _____ reaction.	synthesis
Which of the following are subatomic particles? Proton Electron Radon Neutron	Proton, Electron, Neutron.
Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called:	covalent.
Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be	polar.
The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a:	synthesis reaction.
As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH goes _____, and the solution becomes more _____.	down; acidic
The most abundant element essential to life is	carbon.
For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must:	lose an electron.
The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains:	eight protons.
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n) _____ bond.	covalent
What term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells?	metabolism
An element that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons is called a(n)	isotope.
Hydrolysis _____ a water molecule.	breaks down compounds by adding
As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a larger compound into smaller subunits?	hydrolysis
An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains _____ electrons.	eight
A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called a(n)	element.
Acids	release hydrogen ions.
Electrolytes are:	called cations if they have a positive charge.
Which subatomic particles carry a charge?	Protons and electrons
The atomic number tells you the	number of protons in the nucleus.
Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances?	decomposition reaction
The water molecule has two distinct ends, each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure, water is said to be	polar.
The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of:	protons in its nucleus.
A molecule that is polar:	can form a hydrogen bond. has an unequal charge.
Acids, bases, and salts belong to a large group of compounds called	electrolytes.
What decomposition reaction requires the addition of a water molecule to break a bond?	hydrolysis
Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the:	transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose, gain, or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the	octet rule.
A force holding two atoms together is a(n)	chemical bond.
In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will:	turn blue.
An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element.	neutrons
A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons.	12; 13; 10
The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction?	Decomposition
The study of metabolism includes examination of:	catabolism. anabolism. ATP requirements.
Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water?	50%
Which of the following bonds are the weakest?	Hydrogen
The approximate pH of gastric fluid is:	2.
The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of:	one proton and two neutrons.
As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the:	solution becomes more acidic.
The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are):	water.
The study of metabolism includes examination of:	catabolism. anabolism. ATP requirements.
An example of a catabolic process is:	hydrolysis.
When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share:	electrons.
A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n):	electron.
AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction.	exchange
Atomic mass is determined by the number of:	protons and neutrons.
An example of an element would be:	Ne.
Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body?	Zinc
An example of a catabolic process is:	hydrolysis.
The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called:	dehydration synthesis.
The octet rule refers to the:	stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level.
Which of the following represents properties of water?	High specific heat High heat of vaporization Strong polarity
Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is:	two.
The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell?	Four
Acids:	are proton donors. taste sour. release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution.
Which of the following represents a trace element in the body?	Iron
Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element?	Helium
The kind of element is determined by the number of:	protons.
An ionic bond is formed by:	a positive and a negative ion attracting each other.
The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction.	synthesis
Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called:	bases.
A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution.	alkaline (basic)

Created by: Brookekotter0322

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