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Cancer Meds

Class and major side effects of cancer medications

TermDefinition
Cisplatin Platinum drug
Decetaxel
Pembrolizumab
Bevacizumab
Metronidazole
Prednisone
Vancomycin
Dexamethasone
Ganisetron
Cyclophosphamide
Vincristine
Doxorubicin Anthrocycline Cardiac issues
Ampicillin
Fluconazole
Filgrastrim
Methotrexate
Tamoxifen
Cell Cycle Phase–Nonspecific Agents Alkylating Agents, Nitrosoureas, Platinum Drugs, Antitumor Antibiotics
Alkylating Agents Damage DNA by causing breaks in the double-stranded helix. If repair does not occur, cells will die immediately (cytocidal) or when they attempt to divide (cytostatic).
Alkylating Agents examples bendamustine (Treanda), busulfan (Myleran), chlorambucil (Leukeran), cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome), ifosfamide (Ifex), mechlorethamine (Mustargen), melphalan (Alkeran), temozolomide (Temodar), thiotepa
Nitrosoureas Like alkylating agents, break DNA helix, interfering with DNA replication. Cross blood-brain barrier.
Nitrosoureas examples carmustine (BiCNU, Gliadel), lomustine (Gleostine), streptozocin (Zanosar)
Platinum Drugs Bind to DNA and RNA, miscoding information and/or inhibiting DNA replication, and cells die.
Platinum Drugs examples carboplatin, cisplatin (Platinol-AQ), oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
Antitumor Antibiotics Bind directly to DNA, thus inhibiting the synthesis of DNA and interfering with transcription of RNA.
Antitumor Antibiotics examples bleomycin, dactinomycin (Cosmegen), daunorubicin (Cerubidine, DaunoXome), doxorubicin (Doxil), epirubicin (Ellence), idarubicin, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, valrubicin (Valstar)
Cell Cycle Phase–Specific Agents Antimetabolites, Taxanes, Vinca Alkaloids, Topoisomerase Inhibitors
Antimetabolites Mimic naturally occurring substances, thus interfering with enzyme function or DNA synthesis. Primarily act during S phase. Purine and pyrimidine are building blocks of nucleic acids needed for DNA and RNA synthesis
Antimetabolites that Interfere with purine metabolism cladribine, clofarabine (Clolar), fludarabine, mercaptopurine (Purixan), nelarabine (Arranon), pentostatin (Nipent), thioguanine
Antimetabolites that Interfere with pyrimidine metabolism capecitabine (Xeloda); cytarabine (ara-C [Cytosar-U, DepoCyt]), floxuridine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), gemcitabine (Gemzar)
Antimetabolites that Interfere with folic acid metabolism methotrexate (Trexall), pemetrexed (Alimta)
Antimetabolites that Interfere with DNA synthesis hydroxyurea (Hydrea, Droxia)
Taxanes Antimicrotubule agents that interfere with mitosis. Act during the late G2 phase and mitosis to stabilize microtubules, thus inhibiting cell division.
Taxanes examples albumin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane), docetaxel (Taxotere), paclitaxel (Taxol)
Vinca Alkaloids Act in M phase to inhibit mitosis.
Vinca Alkaloids examples vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine (Navelbine)
Microtubular inhibitors examples estramustine (Emcyt), ixabepilone (Ixempra), eribulin (Halaven)
Topoisomerase Inhibitors Inhibit topoisomerases (normal enzymes) that function to make reversible breaks and repairs in DNA that allow for flexibility of DNA in replication.
Topoisomerase Inhibitors examples etoposide, irinotecan (Camptosar), teniposide (Vumon), topotecan (Hycamtin)
arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) Causes changes in DNA in leukemia cells and leads to cell death.
Erwinia asparaginase, L-asparaginase (Elspar) Enzyme derived from the yeast Erwinia used to deplete the supply of asparagine (amino acid) for leukemic cells that are dependent on an exogenous source of this amino acid. Inhibits protein synthesis.
procarbazine (Matulane) Suppresses mitosis. Appears to alter DNA, RNA, and protein.
Anthracyclines Cardiac effects E.g. Adriamycin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin
Bleomycin Anti-tumor antibiotic Causes pulmonary issues
Vinblastine
Decarbazine
Etoposide
Mitoxantrone
Rituximab
Procarbazine
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