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Chemistry ALL
All 4 Sets of Chemistry Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | Smallest unit of matter |
| neutron | Neutrally charged subatomic particle |
| electron | Negatively charged subatomic particle |
| matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| solid matter | that has a definite shape and volume; particles tightly packed and vibrate in place |
| liquid | matter that has a definite volume only; particles loose enough to flow past on another |
| gas | matter without a definite volume or shape; particles very far apart and rapidly moving |
| molecule | the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance |
| element | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom |
| compound | chemical compound with 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together |
| homogeneous mixture | physical combination of 2 or more compounds that are so evenly distributed one cannot be seen alone (ex. salt water); also called a solution |
| heterogeneous mixture physical combination of 2 or more compounds that are not | evenly distributed so that one can see individual parts (ex. trail mix) |
| periodic table | A table that shows the elements, their atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together. |
| group | vertical columns of elements on periodic table; elements react similarly and have the same number of valence (outer) electrons except for Trans. Metals |
| period | Horizontal rows on periodic table; elements have the same number of orbitals (shells of electrons) |
| alkali metals | Group 1 elements; highly reactive, explosive in water |
| noble gases | Group 18 elements; nonreactive, will not bond in chemical reactions |
| period | Horizontal rows on periodic table; elements have the same number of orbitals (shells of electrons) |
| alkali metals | Group 1 elements; highly reactive, explosive in water |
| noble gases | Group 18 elements; nonreactive, will not bond in chemical reactions |
| metal | elements that are usually shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors |
| nonmetal | elements that are usually brittle, dull, and poor conductors |
| metalloid | elements that share some properties of metals and nonmetals; are usually semiconductors (can conduct with certain circumstances) |
| malleable | able to be hammered into a shape |
| ductile | able to be stretched into a wire |
| Dmitri Mendeleev | created the periodic table in a way we still use today |
| Atomic symbol | 2 or 3 letter code for an element |
| atomic number | number of protons in an element; the upper number on the Periodic Table |
| atomic mass | number of protons and neutrons on the Periodic Table; the lower number of the Periodic Table |
| valence electrons | outer most electrons, can be told by the one's place of the group number (except for the transition metals) |
| orbitals | number of shells of electrons, can be told by the period number |
| Periodicity | The repetition of similar properties in chemical elements, as indicated by their positioning in the periodic table |
| physical change | change that only changes appearance of matter |
| pH | chemical property; 0-14 scale of acidity/basicity |
| melting point | temperature at which something begins to turn to liquid; same as freezing point |
| boiling point | temperature at which something begins to turn to a gas; same as condensation point |
| density | amount of matter in a certain amount of matter |
| conductivity | ability to pass energy |
| chemical change | change that rearranges atoms into something completely different |
| precipitate | sign of chemical change; solid forms in a solution |
| combustible | able to be burned |
| physical properties | properties that can be measured/observed without changing the matter being studied |
| chemical properties | properties that can only be measured/observed while changing the matter being studied |
| exothermic reaction | chemical reaction in which energy is released, temperature goes up |
| endothermic reaction | chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed, temperature goes down |
| reactivity | willingness to go through a chemical change |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | mass cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed/rearranged |
| reactant | beginning compounds/elements of a chemical reaction |
| product | ending compounds/elements of a chemical reaction |
| coefficient | large numbers in front of a chemical formula to tell how many of the whole chemical formula there are |
| subscript | small number following a chemical formula to tell how many of a certain piece there is (ex. H2O, there are 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom) |
| closed system | A system in which no matter is allowed to enter or leave |
| open system | A system in which matter can enter from or escape to the surroundings. |
| arrow in a chemical equation | means, "yields," not "Equals" |
Created by:
fawsha
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