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chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| IDENTITY | How people make sense of themselves and how they see themselves at different scales. |
| IDENTIFYING AGAINST | Constructing an identity by first defining an “other” and then defining self “not the other.” |
| GENDER | Socially constructed ideas of roles, behaviors, and activities that are appropriate for men and women. |
| RACE | Social constructions of differences among humans based on skin color that have had profound consequences on rights and opportunities. |
| RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION | Degree to which two or more groups live separately from one another, in different parts of an urban environment. |
| SUCCESSION | Process by which new immigrants move to a city and take over areas or neighborhoods occupied by older immigrant groups. |
| ETHNICITY | identity shared by a group of people who have a common culture, generally based on cultural traits (religion, language), national origin, or race. |
| STRUCTURES OF POWER | Assumptions and relationships dictating who is in control and who has power over others. |
| SEXUALITY | sexual orientation or preference identified by a person |
| INTERSECTIONALITY | interconnection and overlap between social categories (e.g. race, sexuality, class, gender). |
| GROSS NATIONAL INCOME | A measurement of a country’s wealth that includes the total value of all goods and services produced within the borders of a country, plus income received from investments outside of the country in a year. |
| FORMAL ECONOMY | Economic productivity in agriculture, mining, industry, and services that is counted or taxed by government. Trade is through formal channels, often using credit |
| INFORMAL ECONOMY | Portion of the economy that is not taxed or regulated by government. Goods and services are exchanged based on barter or cash systems, and earnings are not reported to government. |
| VULNERABILITY | Probability of destruction of life or property from a hazard or crisis |
| SEX RATIO | number of males relative to number of females in a population |
| DOWRY | Price paid in cash and gifts through marriage. Generally given by the bride’s family to the groom’s father. |
| BARRIOIZATION | Dramatic increase in Hispanic population in a neighborhood; referring to barrio, the Spanish word for neighborhood (defined by geographer James Curtis). |
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