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AP Human Ch. 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Identity | How people make sense of themselves and how they see themselves at different scales |
| Identifying Against | Constructing an identity by first defining an “other” and then defining self “not the other.” |
| Gender | Socially constructed ideas of roles, behaviors, and activities that are appropriate for men and women |
| Race | Social constructions of differences among humans based on skin color that have had profound consequences on rights and opportunities |
| Residential segregation | Degree to which two or more groups live separately from one another, in different parts of an urban environment |
| Succession | Process by which new immigrants move to a city and take over areas or neighborhoods occupied by older immigrant groups |
| Ethnicity | identity shared by a group of people who have a common culture, generally based on cultural traits (religion, language), national origin, or race |
| Structures of Power | Assumptions and relationships dictating who is in control and who has power over others |
| Sexuality | sexual orientation or preference identified by a person |
| IntersectIonality | interconnection and overlap between social categories (e.g. race, sexuality, class, gender |
| Gross national income | A measurement of a country’s wealth that includes the total value of all goods and services produced within the borders of a country, plus income received from investments outside of the country in a year |
| Formal Economy | Economic productivity in agriculture, mining, industry, and services that is counted or taxed by government. Trade is through formal channels, often using credit |
| Informal Economy | Portion of the economy that is not taxed or regulated by government. Goods and services are exchanged based on barter or cash systems, and earnings are not reported to government |
| Vulnerability | Probability of destruction of life or property from a hazard or crisis |
| Sex Ratio | number of males relative to number of females in a population |
| Dowry | Price paid in cash and gifts through marriage. Generally given by the bride’s family to the groom’s father. |
| Barrioization | Dramatic increase in Hispanic population in a neighborhood; referring to barrio, the Spanish word for neighborhood (defined by geographer James Curtis) |
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Pl251741
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