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Brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 Primary brain vesicles in early development are | Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Rhombencephalon |
| The 5 secondary vesicles of the brain in early development | Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon |
| Secondary brain vesicles that forms from the Prosencephalon | Telencephalon and Diencephalon= Cerebrum and Diencephalon |
| Secondary brain vesicles that form from the Mesencephalon | Mesencephalon and Metencephalon= Midbrain |
| Secondary brain vesicle that forms from the Rhombencephalon | Myelencephalon= Medulla |
| The Telencephalon becomes the what | Cerebrum |
| The Diencephalon becomes the what | Diencephalon = Thalamus, Hypothalamus and Epithalamus |
| The Mesencephalon becomes the what | Midbrain and does not form a 2nd ventricle |
| The Metencephalon becomes the what | Pons and Cerebellum |
| The Myelencephalon becomes the what | Medulla |
| CN 1 | Olfactory nerve, no motor |
| CN 2 | Optic nerve, no motor |
| CN 3 | Oculomotor nerve. moves eye |
| CN 4 | Trochlear nerve, moves eye inferior and laterally |
| CN 5 | Trigeminal nerve= 3 fold, Mastication |
| CN 6 | Abducens nerve, moves eye laterally only |
| CN 7 | Facial nerve, forms expressions |
| CN 8 | Vestibulocochlear nerve, functions with the Ear |
| CN 9 | Glossopharyngeal nerve, swallowing and gag reflex |
| CN 10 | Vagus nerve = wandering , Head, Neck, Throat; Works together with the CN 9 in the Throat |
| CN 11 | Accessory nerve, Neck muscles |
| CN 12 | Hypoglossal nerve= below the tongue, movement of tongue |
| Cranial nerves that are in the Midbrain | CN 3 and 4 |
| Cranial nerves that are in the Pons | CN 5,6,7 |
| Cranial nerves that are in the Medulla | CN 8-12 : CN 8 shared with the Pons |
| 3 functions of the Reticular Formation | Regulate muscle tone, assist in respiration, assist in Blood pressure |
| 2 functioning systems scattered throughout the brain | Reticular Formation and the Limbic System |
| What sensory area allows for the identifying of objects by touch with eyes closed | Somatosensory Association |
| 3 categories of functional area in the Cerebral Cortex | Motor, Sensory and Association |
| Function and location of the Inferior Colliculi | Located on the posterior side of the Midbrain of brainstem and inferior to the superior colliculi, Functions in locating direction of sound |
| Function and location of the Superior Colliculi | Located on the posterior side of the Midbrain of brainstem and superior to the inferior colliculi, Functions in directing the eyes from stimulus |
| The Pontine Respiratory Group located in the Pons has 2 areas called what | Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers |
| Pneumotaxic and Apneustic in the Pons are responsible for what actions | Generating and maintaining breathing rhythm |
| Cardiovascular and blood pressure are regulated from where | The Medulla |
| Decussation of the pyramids is what | The crossing of the corticospinal tract of the upper motor neurons |
| Longitudinal Fissure does what | Divides the left and right hemispheres and is made up of Dura Mater called the Falx Cerebri |
| The Subdural space is where | Between the Dura mater and Arachnoid mater |
| The sensory cortex receives information from where | Thalamus |
| Tentorium Cerebelli is what and where | Dura Mater that separates the cerebellum from the Occipital lobe |
| Falx Cerebri is | Dura Mater that separates the left and right cerebrum |
| Falx Cerebelli is | Dura Mater that separates the left and right cerebellum |
| Tentorium Cerebelli is | Dura Mater that separates the occipital and temporal from the cerebellum |
| Function of the Thalamus | Sending sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, regulating sleep, consciousness and alertness |
| Function of Hypothalamus | Eating and drinking ,bodies temperature and energy process, circadian rhythm also works with the Pituitary gland within the endocrine sys. |
| Basal Nuclei function is for | Movement |
| Amygdaloid body function | Fight or Flight and Emotional Memory |
| Putamen, Globus Pallidus and Caudate function | Movement |
| Function of the Reticular Formation | Sleep and Consciousness |
| Function of the Superior Olivary Complex | Hearing |
| Pontine Respiratory center, Superior Olivary Complex and CN 5,6,7 are located where on the brainstem | Pons |
| Association tracts are located where | connect regions of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere |
| Commissural tracts are located where | connect the two cerebral hemispheres; Corpus Callosum and the smaller anterior and posterior commissure |
| Projection tracts are where | Link the cerebral cortex to inferior brain regions and the spinal cord; Corticospinal tract |
| Define Arcuate fibers | Short Association tracts connecting neighboring gyri in the same lobe |
| Define Longitudinal Fasciculi | Long Association tracts that connect gyri in different lobes of same hemisphere |
| Location and function of the Substantia Nigra | Located in the Midbrain, Produces Dopamine, Black appearance due to melanin pigmentation |
| Location and function of the Tectum | Located in the Midbrain and is responsible for auditory and visual reflexes; Contains the Superior and Inferior Colliculi |
| Location and function of the Tegmentum | Located in the Midbrain, Contains Red Nuclei, takes information from the cerebrum and cerebellum and sends involuntary motor commands to the Erector Spinae muscle for posture while standing bending and waalking |
| Function of Cerebral Peduncle | Connect the Brainstem to the Cerebrum at the Pons |
| Components of Limbic System | Cingulate, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Hippocampus, Amygdaloid body, Olfactory bulbs, Fonix and other Nuclei of the Diencephalon |
| Function of the Limbic System are | Limbic = Border ; controls emotions and memory |
| 3 cranial Meninges | Pia mater, Arachnoid mater, and Dura mater ; Pia mater in contact with brain surface |
| Cerebral Aqueduct connects | 3rd and 4th Ventricle |
| CSF enters the Subarachnoid space from where | Lateral and Medial Apertures |
| CSF recycles through what | Circulates out through the Arachnoid Villi or Granulations into the dura sinuses and back into the blood system |
| Location of the Primary Motor Cortex | Frontal Lobe on the Precentral Gyrus just anterior to the Central Sulcus |
| Location of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex | Parietal Lobe , on the Postcentral Gyrus just posterior to the Central Sulcus |
| Categorical Hemisphere is the what | Left Hemisphere; Language and Analytical ability |
| Representational Hemisphere is the what | Right Hemisphere; Art and Creativity ; visual spatial |
| Functions of the Hypothalamus | Endocrine and Autonomic nervous system |
| Function of the Thalamus | command center for sensory signals going the the cerebrum |
| Function of the Epithalamus | Contains the Pineal Grand ; works in the Limbic system |
| Wernicke area is responsible for what | Recognition of the spoken and written language |
| Regulating Respiration is controlled from which brainstem area | Pons ; the Apneustic and Pneumotaxic ceters |
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scones and joe
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