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A & P Week 14

Ch. 42, 43, & 44

QuestionAnswer
Urine is approximately 95% Water
Crystallized mineral chunks that develop in the renal pelvis or calyces are called kidney stones.
The branch of the abdominal aorta that brings blood into each kidney is the renal artery.
The capillary network that is fitted neatly into the glomerular capsule is the glomerulus.
_____ has a central role in the regulation of urine volume. ADH
The nephron loop reabsorbs water. sodium. chloride.
The ureter of each kidney conducts urine inferiorly from the kidney to the bladder.
The principal organ of the urinary system is the kidney.
The mechanism for voiding urine begins with the voluntary relaxation of the external sphincter muscle of the bladder
Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes? filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Urine is formed by the nephron by means of which three processes? filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
The _____ is a structure important in maintaining blood flow because it secretes rennin when blood pressure to the afferent arteriole drops. juxtaglomerular apparatus
Knot of capillaries that directs blood into the efferent arteriole. glomerulus
The term that describes an inflammation of the bladder is cystitis.
Of all the blood pumped per minute by the heart, approximately ____ goes through the kidneys. 1/5
There are how many openings in the urinary bladder? Three
Reabsorption, as performed in the kidney, may be defined as the: movement of molecules out of the tubule and into the peritubular blood.
The normal osmotic pressure of the capsular filtrate is _____ mm Hg. 0
Approximately how much blood flows through the kidneys per minute? 1200 ml
Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the: ureter.
Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced? ADH. Aldosterone
Which of these statements is not true of the kidney? The kidney is protected by a heavy layer of fat. The kidney is retroperitoneal. The kidney is usually located next to the vertebrae from T12 to L3.
The function of the urinary bladder is to: serve as a reservoir for urine before it leaves the body. expel urine from the body, aided by the urethra.
Which of the following is the approximate threshold level for the reabsorption of glucose? 300 mg/100 ml
Substances travel from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule by the process of: filtration.
Which of the following is not a part of the glomerular-capsular membrane? Parietal layer of the glomerular capsule
A portion of the nephron that can lie within the medulla is the: nephron loop.
The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is: creatinine.
Which of the following ions is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules? Sodium
The shape of the kidney could best be described as _____-shaped. bean
The mechanism for voiding begins with: the relaxation of the internal sphincter.
ADH has the greatest effect on the reabsorption of water in the: distal tubule.
One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is the male urethra is: part of two different body systems.
Which structure of the kidney narrows as it exits the kidney to become the ureter? Renal pelvis
Under normal conditions, most nutrients are reabsorbed in which portion of the nephron? Proximal tubule
The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the: renal pelvis.
Which of the following is(are) classified as an accessory organ of the urinary system? Ureters. Urinary bladder. Urethra
The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the: collecting tubule.
Urine formation involves all the following processes except: catabolism.
Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys? Regulate blood sugar
The portion of the nephron tubule that is essentially always impermeable to water is the: ascending nephron loop.
A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause the filtration rate to: decrease.
Which hormone tends to increase the amount of urine produced? ANH
In the kidney, blood flows from the interlobular artery into the: afferent arteriole.
What effect does drinking seawater have on the body? The net transfer of water from the inside of your cells to the outside will cause the cells to shrink considerably. Osmosis happens and dehydration
A common type of electrolyte imbalance in which potassium is lost from the body, resulting in a serum potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L, is hypokalemia.
A _____ is a substance that prevents marked changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or base is added. buffer
Normal blood pH and acid-base balance depend on the ratio of base bicarbonate to carbonic acid buffer pair being _____ in the extracellular fluid. 20:1
When placed in an electrolyte solution with a weak current, positive ions such as Na+ will be attracted to the negative electrode and are called cations.
Which of the following symbols/abbreviations is used to represent the negative logarithm of the number of hydrogen ions present in 1 liter of a solution? pH
The cardinal principle of fluid balance is that it can be maintained only if intake equals output.
The two major types of control systems that operate to maintain the constancy of pH are chemical and physiological.
Which of the following make up the pH homeostatic mechanism? kidney excretion of acids and bases. respirations. buffers
In clinical medicine, the term _____ is used to describe an arterial blood pH of less than 7.5. acidosis
The mechanism that tends to restore normal extracellular fluid volume when it decreases below normal is the ADH mechanism. osmoreceptor. aldosterone mechanism.
Organic substances with the type of bond that does not permit the compound to break up in a solution are called nonelectrolytes.
Although both acid and base components are important, the homeostasis of body pH largely depends on the control of _____ ion concentration in the _____ fluid hydrogen; extracellular
Functionally, total body water can be subdivided into the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments.
Water enters the body by way of the digestive tract and by way of the cell’s catabolism of foods.
Abnormally excessive water losses constitute a volume deficit and can lead to a state of dehydration or hypovolemia.
According to Starling’s law of the capillaries, the control mechanism for water exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid consists of all of the following pressures except _____ pressure. colloid diffusion
When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions, it primarily reabsorbs _____ ions. chloride
What is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid? Sodium
Which of the following is true of total body water? Overweight people have lower water content per kilogram of body weight than slender people.
Cerebrospinal fluid is part of the _____ fluid. extracellular
Which of the following ratios of base bicarbonate to carbonic acid will maintain a normal pH? 20:1
What is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid? Potassium
Which of the following is a true statement? Arterial blood has an average pH of 7.41.
The pH of the blood is maintained at approximately: 7.4.
Which of the following is not one of the seven basic solutions used for parenteral therapy? Liquid protein
When the adrenal cortex is stimulated to increase its secretion of aldosterone, the first thing that happens is a(n): increase in the kidney tubule reabsorption of sodium.
Which body location is not one that is usually impacted by edema? Kidneys
The regulation of acid-base balance in the body fluids refers to the control of _____ ion concentration. hydrogen
For the body to maintain an acid-base balance, which of the following is (are) necessary? Buffering. Respirations. Urine secretion
In accordance with the physical laws governing filtration and osmosis, which of the following statements is true? Blood colloid osmotic pressure tends to draw fluid back into the capillaries.
If the blood pH decreases below normal, the kidney tubules secrete _____ urine. more hydrogen ions from blood to
Water normally leaves the body through _____ exits. four
The total fluid or water content of the human body ranges from _____ of its total weight. 45% to 75%
Which of the following would be important in treating metabolic alkalosis? Chloride ions
In young adults, the percentage of body weight composed of water will average about _____ for males and _____ for females. 60%; 50%
Which of the following is(are) classified as an acid-forming food? Meat. Eggs. Poultry
Created by: Brookekotter0322
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