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Chapter Seven Vocab
Question | Answer |
---|---|
religion | System of beliefs that order life in terms of ultimate priorities and direct behavior and practices in reference to achieving the ultimate priorities. |
secularism | Indifference to or rejection of religion. |
monotheistic religion | Belief in one god. |
polytheistic religion | Belief in many gods. |
animistic religions | Traditional or indigenous religions where animals or objects are significant. |
universalizing religions | Religions believed by their followers to have universal application and to which followers actively seek converts. |
ethnic religions | Religions into which people are born and whose followers do not actively seek converts. |
hinduism | Religion based on a range of beliefs, including karma and reincarnation; began around 2000 BCE and does not have a single founder; hearth in Indus Valley (present-day Pakistan). |
caste system | Social structure of South Asian society dating to the Indus civilization (2500-1800 BCE) where people are born into their place in society. |
buddhism | Religion based on the belief that humans can reach enlightenment by following the middle path; splintered from Hinduism in the 6th century BCE; hearth in Lumbini and Sarnath (present-day Nepal/India). |
shintoism | Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism; focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship. |
feng shui | Chinese art and science of placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings, and cities; structures and objects are positioned to channel flow of sheng-chi (“life-breath”) in favorable ways. |
confucianism | (part one) Political philosophy that values benevolence, loyalty, and diligence within the structure of the family and the government; developed from the writings of Confucius in 6th to 5th centuries BCE. |
judaism | Religion based on the belief in one God who revealed himself to and entered a covenant with Abraham; dates to 2000 BCE; hearth in present-day Israel. |
diaspora | Dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force. |
zionism | Movement for the establishment of a national homeland for Jews in the land between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. |
christianity | Religion based on the belief that Jesus was born as the son of God, was crucified, and was resurrected to atone for peoples’ sins; developed out of Judaism in 1st century CE; hearth in Bethlehem and Jerusalem (present-day Palestine/Israel). |
roman catholic church | One of three major branches of Christianity (together with the Eastern Orthodox and Protestant). |
eastern orthodox church | One of three major branches of Christianity (together with Roman Catholic and Protestant). |
protestant | One of three major branches of Christianity (together with Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic). |
islam | Religion based on the belief in one God who revealed himself to the prophet Muhammad.; dates to the 7th century CE; hearth in Mecca and Medina in present-day Saudi Arabia. |
sunni | Sect of Islam that believes Muhammad’s successor did not need to be a blood relative of Muhammad. |
shi’ite | Sect of Islam that believes Muhammad’s successor needed to be a blood relative of Muhammad. Found commonly in and around Iran. |
indigenous religions | Belief systems and philosophies practiced and traditionally passed from generation to generation among peoples within an indigenous tribe or group. |
sacred sites | Places infused with religious or spiritual meaning. |
hajj | Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad. |
interfaith boundaries | Boundaries between the world’s major faiths. |
intrafaith boundaries | Boundaries between sects within a single major faith. |
religious fundamentalism | Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy. |
religious extremism | Religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence. |
jihad | Commonly translated as “Holy War,” it represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the Qu’ran. |
confucianism | (part two) Hearth in China and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Asian culture. |