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Chapter 7 Vocab
AP HUMAN GEO
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Religion | System of beliefs that order life in terms of ultimate priorities and direct behavior and practices in reference to achieving the ultimate priorities. |
Secularism | Indifference to or rejection of religion |
Monotheistic Religion | Belief in one god. |
Polytheistic Religion | Belief in many gods. |
Animistic Religions | Traditional or indigenous religion where animals or objects are significant. |
Universalizing Religions | A religion believed by its followers to have universal application and to which followers actively seek converts. |
Ethnic Religions | A religion into which people are born and whose followers do not actively seek converts. |
Hinduism | Religion based on a range of beliefs, including karma and reincarnation. Hinduism began around 2000 BCE and does not have a single founder. |
Caste System | Social structure of South Asian society dating to the Indus civilization (2500-1800 BCE) where people are born into their place in society. |
Buddhism | Religion based on the belief that humans can reach enlightenment by following the middle path. |
Shintoism | Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Shintoism focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship. |
Feng Shui | Chinese art and science of placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings, and cities. Structures and objects are positioned to channel flow of sheng-chi (“life-breath”) in favorable ways. |
Confucianism | Chinese art and science of placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings, and cities. Structures and objects are positioned to channel flow of sheng-chi (“life-breath”) in favorable ways. |
Judaism | Religion based on the belief in one God who revealed himself to and entered a covenant with Abraham. Judaism dates to 2000 BCE. Hearth in present-day Israel. |
Diaspora | Dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force. |
Zionism | Movement for the establishment of a national homeland for Jews in the land between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. |
Christianity | Religion based on the belief that Jesus was born as the son of God, was crucified, and was resurrected to atone for peoples’ sins. |
Roman Catholic Church | One of three major branches of Christianity (together with the Eastern Orthodox and Protestant). |
Eastern Orthodox Church | One of three major branches of Christianity (together with Roman Catholic and Protestant). |
Protestant | One of three major branches of Christianity |
Islam | Religion based on the belief in one God who revealed himself to the prophet Muhammad. |
Sunni | Sect of Islam that believes Muhammad’s successor did not need to be a blood relative of Muhammad. |
Shi'ite | Sect of Islam that believes Muhammad’s successor needed to be a blood relative of Muhammad. Found commonly in and around Iran. |
Indigenous Religions | Belief systems and philosophies practiced and traditionally passed from generation to generation among peoples within an indigenous tribe or group. |
Sacred Sites | A place infused with religious or spiritual meaning. |
Hajj | Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad. |
Interfaith Boundaries | Boundaries between the world’s major faiths. |
Intrafaith Boundaries | Boundaries between sects within a single major faith. |
Religious Fundamentalism | Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy. |
Religious Extremism | Religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence. |
Jihad | Commonly translated as “Holy War,” jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the Qu’ran. |