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Unit 06 Vocabulary
Definitions for Topics 6.1-6.11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| urbanization | urban growth and development |
| suburbanization | the shifting of population away from cities into surrounding suburbs |
| site | a place's absolute location, as well as its physical characteristics, such as the landforms, climate, and resources |
| situation | location of a place in relation to other places or its surrounding features |
| megacities | a city with a population of more than 10 million |
| metacities | a city with a population of more than 20 million |
| urban sprawl | areas of poorly planned, low density development surrounding a city |
| conurbation | an extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of one or more cities |
| edge cities | a type of community located on the outskirts of a larger city with commercial centers with office space, retail complexes, and other amenities typical of an urban center |
| exurbs | a typically fast-growing community outside of or on the edge of a metropolitan area where the residents and community are closely connected to the central city and suburbs |
| boomburgs | a suburb that has grown rapidly into a large and sprawling city with more than 100,000 residents |
| market area/hinterland | the area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services; part of the Central Place Theory |
| range (of a service) | the maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service; part of the Central Place Theory |
| rank-size rule | explanation of size of cities within a country; states the second largest city will be one-half the size of the largest, the third largest will be the-third the size of the largest, and so on |
| primate city | the largest city in a country which far exceeds the next city in population size and importance |
| gravity model | a model that predicts the interactin between two or more places; based on Newton's law of universal gravitation |
| central place theory | a theory used to describe the spatial relationship between cities and their surrounding communities |
| central business district (CBD) | the central location where the majority of consumer services are located in a city or town becasue teh accessibilty of the location attracts these services |
| concentric zone model | a model of urban development depicting a city growing outward from a central business district in a series of concentric rings |
| sector model | a model of urban development depicting a city with wedge-shaped sectors and divisions emanating from the central business district, generally along transit routes |
| multiple-nuclei model | a model of urban development depicting a city where growth occurs around the progressive integration of multiple nodes, not around one central business district |
| galactic city model | a model of urban development depicting a city where economic activity has moved from the central business district toward loose coalitions of other urban areas and suburbs; also known as the peripheral model |
| Latin American urban model | a model or urban development depicting a city with a central busienss district, concentric rings, and sections stricken by poverty; also known as the Griffin-Ford Model |
| Southeast Asian urban model | a model of urban development depicting a city oriented around a port and lacking a formal central business district, growing outward in concentric rings and along multiple nodes |
| Africa urban model | a model of urban development depicting a city with three central business districts, growing outward in a series of concentric rings |
| infilling | redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant parcels of land within previously built areas |
| favela/barrio | densely settled squatter settlements where poverty, homelessness, and lawlessness are common |
| high-density housing | typically made up of multiple family high rise apartments or high priced single family flats- residents pay monthly rent to a landlord: common in the CBD where land prices are high |
| mixed land use | a single planned development designed to include multiple uses, such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial, and office spaces |
| new urbanism | a school of thought that promotes designing growth to limit the amount of urban sprawl and preserve nature and usable farmland |
| redlining | practice by which financial institutions such as banks refuse to offer home loans on the basis of a neighborhood's racial or ethnic makeup |
| blockbusting | a practice by real estate agents who would stir up concern that Black famiiles would soon move into a neighborhood; the agents would convince white property owners to sell their houses at below-market prices |
| disamenity zones | a high-poverty area urban area not connected to city services; often in a disadvantaged physical location containing steep slopes, flood-prone ground, rail lines, landfills, or industry |
| squatter settlement | an informal housing area beset with overcrowding and poverty that features temporary homes often made of wood scraps or metal sheeting |
| gentrification | the process of wealthier residents moving into a neighborhood and making it unaffordable for existing residents; usually improves housing quality, but older and lower income residents can no longer afford to live there |
| ecological footprint | impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources |
| brownfields | abandoned and polluted industrial site in a central city or suburb |
| urban renewal | the nationwide movement that developed in the 1950s and 1960s when US cities were given massive federal grants to tear down and clear out slums asa means of rebuilding their downtowns |
| sustainable development | development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs |
| smart-growth policy | policy implemented to create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible |
| greenbelt | a rign of parkland, agricultural land, or other type of open space maintained aroudn an urban area to limit sprawl |
| placelessness | loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like another |
| de facto segregation | segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial laws |
| urban hierarchy | ranking of settlements from smallest to largest; hamlet, village, town, city, metropolis, megalopolis |
| world cities | a city that wields political, cultural, and economic influence on a global scale |
| decentralization | the transfer of control of an activity or organization to several local offices or authorities rather than one single one. |
| threshold (of a service) | minimum number of people needed to support a service; part of Central Place Theory |
Created by:
karaangelos
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