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Research Terms

Definitions and concepts relevant to ecology/ectox/biology

TermDefinition
Sequencing of 16S rRNA Small subunit Ribosomes ~1550 bp Standard in Bacteria taxonomic classification (Easily/Rapidly sequenced & contains enough phylogenic info) More conserved region = very close relative Used as gold standard for taxonomic identification
How to Sequence 16S rRNA Extract 16SrRNA & purify PCR: Denature, anneal, extend Send for sequencing ID on NCBI
Alpha Diversity Average species diversity in a habitat (local region)
Beta diversity comparison of species diversity between local and regional
Units of Diversity (Acronym) OTUs (Operational Taxanomic Unit) 3 measures of species diversity: a) Species Richness, b)Shannon Index, c) Species Evenness (Pielou Eveness Index)
Species richness Measurement of species diversity count of species - High species richness = high biodiversity
Shannon Index Measurement of species diversity measure of the entropy (takes into account abundance and unknowns)
Species Evenness (Pielou Eveness Index) Measurement of species diversity measure of species in ratio to one another Species Eveness =1 = equal numbers of every species
Ecotox term: Source Total amount or location of a contaminant released into the environment
Ecotox term: Point Source single emission
Ecotox Term: Non-Point Source Multiple locations of emission (should consider the exposure pathway)
Ecotox Term: Sink Removal of a contaminant – substance is absorbed into a permanent or semi-permanent repository
Ecotox Term: Abundance Total amount of an individual organism in a population over a defined period of time in a certain place Amount of microplastics present in an ecosystem (based on a collection during time period) Often not precise
Ecotox Term: Prevalence Number of instances of an existing case Often precise, with a unit
Ecotox Term: Fate Destiny of a chemical after being released into the environment Disposition throughout the environment
Ecotox Term: Transport Movement of a contaminant across the ecosystem
Ecotox Term: Impact Effect of a contaminant/phenomenon on a given entity Environemental impact assessment (EIA): Appraisal of the possible consequences of a past, present (on-going) or planned actions of an environmental impact
Sustainable development development that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs (WCED 1987)
Sustainable Solutions a) long-lasting, b) resilient, c) environmentally responsible, d) economically feasible, and e) socially acceptable
Created by: rmcnamee
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