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Stufflet APUSH U6P2
Unit 6--Part 2-- APUSH
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Bessemer Process | allowed or mass production of steel; process by which blasted air through molten iron made stronger steel |
Andrew Carnegie | steel magnate whose steel company used vertical integration to control every phase of the steelmaking process; he became major philanthropist after selling his steel company |
J. P. Morgan | businessman who bought Carnegie Steel in 1900 for $400 million and formed US Steel |
John D. Rockefeller | formed Standard Oil and utilized horizontal integration |
horizontal integration | process by which one company buys out all other companies within the same level of the supply chain |
vertical integration | process by which one company buys up all other companies at every level of the supply chain |
Robber Barons | negative term used to describe rich capitalists who were supposedly harming the common man by making millions off products they sold |
laissez faire (“let it be”) | idea that said business should NOT be regulated by govt, BUT instead by laws of supply and demand |
Social Darwinism | idea that said rich people were more “fit” of human species; poor people were “unfit”; said welfare would hurt human species by preserving the “unfit” |
Thomas Edison | invented phonograph, light bulb, generator; set up research facility at Menlo Park, NJ; mass produced electricity |
Scientific management/Taylorism | idea that to increase efficiency, large jobs were broken into small steps and workers did one thing ALL day |
Knights of Labor | union led by Terence Powderley; desired socialist society (more radical); included African-Americans and women |
American Federation of Labor | union led by Samuel Gompers; concentrated on wages and working conditions (less radical); skilled, white, males |
Haymarket Riot | riot of radical workers in Chicago in 1886 that caused decline in Knights of Labor |
Lockouts | pressures workers into accepting management’s offer by not letting workers come to work |
Blacklisting | circulating names of pro-union people so they can’t be hired in industry |
Yellow-dog contracts | contract that said if workers wanted a job, they couldn’t join union |
Pinkerton Guards | private guards hired by management to break strikes by force |
Homestead Strike | strike of Pittsburgh steelworkers in 1892 broken by Pinkerton Guards hired by Andrew Carnegie |
Great Migration | movement of African-Americans north between 1890 and 1930 |
Settlement houses | community houses run usually by young Protestant women that provided social services for poor immigrants in cities |
Jane Addams | ran Hull House (settlement house in Chicago) |
Foran Act | made it illegal for a company to aid in the immigration of laborers by giving them a contract; aimed at unskilled immigrants |
Sears and Roebuck | one of the 1st mail order catalog companies |
"new" immigration | comprised of southern and eastern Europeans |