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Unit 3/4
New Deal
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) | a New Deal farm program designed to raise prices paid to farmers by limiting production |
| Brains Trust | an unofficial advisory cabinet to President Franklin Roosevelt, originally formed while he was governor of New York, that presented possible solutions to the nation’s problems |
| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | a New Deal work relief program that hired unemployed men to work on environmental projects |
| collective bargaining | a process of negotiation between an employer and a group of employees belonging to a union that establishes the terms of the workers’ employment |
| court packing | President Roosevelt’s plan to expand the number of Supreme Court justices by adding new ones who supported his views |
| Dorothea Lange | an American photojournalist best known for her images of people suffering from the effects of the Great Depression |
| Fair Labor Standards Act | a New Deal employee relief program that established a minimum wage and a 40-hour workweek |
| Federal Art Project | a division of the WPA that employed visual artists |
| Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) | a New Deal economic relief program that granted federal money |
| fireside chats | radio broadcasts that President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered to the American people outlining his plans |
| Huey Long | a popular Democratic politician from Louisiana who became a critic of President Roosevelt by challenging the New Deal programs to do more for struggling Americans |
| John Maynard Keynes | a British economist who argued that deficit spending was necessary in advanced capitalist economies in times of recession to maintain employment and stimulate consumer spending |
| Marian Anderson | an African American opera singer who was asked by Eleanor Roosevelt to perform at the Lincoln Memorial after being denied the opportunity to perform at DAR Constitution Hall |
| Mary McLeod Bethune | an African American educator appointed by Franklin Roosevelt as director of the African American division of the National Youth Administration |
| mural | a painting created directly on a wall |
| National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) | a New Deal program designed to stabilize prices and production levels in the nation’s industrial sector |
| Second New Deal | a second wave of New Deal legislation started in 1935 to restore and increase worker protections and build long-lasting financial security for Americans |
| Social Security Act | a series of programs designed to help the nation’s most vulnerable citizens—the unemployed, those older than age 65, unwed mothers, and the disabled—through various pension, insurance, and aid programs |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | a federal agency tasked with the job of planning and developing the Tennessee valley area through flood control, reforestation, and hydroelectric power projects |
| Twentieth Amendment | the amendment passed in 1933 that sets the dates for the start of Congress’s new term and the inauguration of the president and vice president |
| Wagner Act | a New Deal employee relief program, also known as the National Labor Relations Act, that guaranteed workers the right to unionize, bargain collectively, and have a government means for labor grievances to be heard |
| Works Progress Administration (WPA) | a relief agency in effect from 1935 to 1943 that provided employment for about 20 percent of the U.S. workforce |
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