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Chapter 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| State | politically organized territory with a permanent population, a defined territory, and a government. |
| territoriality | sense of ownership and attachment to a specific territory |
| Peace of Westphalia | peace agreement that resolved the thirty years' war and marks th formal beginning of the modern state system in 1648 |
| sovereignty | a governments legal right to control its own territory both politically and militarily |
| territorial intergrity | right of a state to defend sovereign territory against incursion from other states |
| colonialism | taking over territories across the world and ruling them for their benefit |
| mercantilism | early form of capitalism based on trading large quantities of goods in a way that benefits the home/mother state more |
| nation | a group of people wish a sense of cultural connection and a shared identity that is attached to a territory but not to a state. |
| imagined community | a socially constructed identity that is imagined because the people in the group will never meet each other and simply believe they have a similarity and shared connection. |
| nation-state | the idea that the map of states should align with the map of nations. |
| multinational state | a state with more than one nation inside its borders |
| multistate nation | nation with a state of its own also stretches across borders into other states |
| stateless nations | a nation that does not fit wholly into any state or states |
| first wave of colonialism | Spain and portugal exploring and colonizing the americas. they were joined by Britain, France, and the Netherlands and it extended from South America through Central America and the carribbean, North America, and the coasts of Africa. |
| second wave of colonialism | where Britain, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and Italy divided Africa into colonies without regard for the indigenous cultural patterns and political relationships already present. |
| world-systems theory | people who view the world as much more than the sum total of the world's states. originated from Immanuel wallerstein and illuminated by his three tier structure |
| capitalism | a system in which individuals, corporations, and states own land and produce goods and services that are exchanged for profit. |
| commodification | the process of placing a price on a good, service, or idea, and then buying, selling, and trading that item. |
| core | places in the world economy where core processes dominate |
| periphery | places in the world economy where periphery processes dominate |
| semiperiphery | places where core and periphery processes both occur |
| centripetal forces | forces that bind people of a state together |
| centrifugal forces | forces that pull people of a state apart |
| unitary states | states where the focus of power was in the capital city and didn't accommodate for minorities or regions where identification with the state was weaker |
| federal states | dividing the territory into substates or provinces or regions that have their own government with control over their own affairs (like the United States) |
| devolution | the transfer of power "downwards" from the central government to the regional governments within a state |
| democracy | the spatial organization of electoral district determines whose voice is heard in a given place |
| reapportionment | the process by which districts are changed according to population shifts |
| splitting | redistricting practice where minority population is aided across districts to ensure the majority population keeps power |
| majority minority districts | packed districts in which a majority of the population is from the minority |
| gerrymandering | manipulating electoral districts to give one party unfair advantage |
| boundary | plane that stretches betneath the subsoil and into the airspace that legally divides two countries |
| geometric boundaries | boundaries drawn using grid systems like latitude and longitude |
| physical-political boundaires | boundaries that follow an agreed-upon feature in the natural landscape |
| heartland theory | a political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world |
| unilateralism | world order in which one state is in a position of global dominance |
| deterritorialization | movement of economic social and cultural processes out of the hands of states |
| reterritorialization | initiatives that enhance the power of traditional political-territorial arrangements |
| supranational organization | institution created by three or more states to promote cooperation. |
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SchoolEnjoyer96
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