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Anatomy Stack 1
Weeks 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Anatomy and Physiology | Anatomy: is the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts Physiology: is the scientific study of the body functions of the living organism and its parts |
| What name is used to describe the study of the body that focuses on groups of organs that have a common function? | Systemic Anatomy |
| What single criterion might be used to define life? | Autopoiesis defines life |
| List the seven levels of organization | Chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organism |
| List the 11 major organ systems | Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive |
| Define and contrast: Medial and Lateral | Medial: is toward the midline of the body Lateral: is toward the side of the body |
| What is anatomical position? | The body is in an erect, or standing, posture with the arms at the sides and the palms turned forward |
| What elements make up 96% of the material in the human body? | Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
| What is an energy level? | Are shells or concentric circles with electrons surrounding each atom |
| What type of bonds attracts one molecule to another? | Hydrogen bonds |
| What does metabolism mean? | Used to describe all the chemical reactions that occur in the body's cells |
| What is an electrolyte? | Are substances that break up in a solution to form charged particles or ions |
| What is pH? | A symbol used to mean the H+ ion concentration of a solution |
| List three functions of the plasma membrane | Serves as the boundary of the cell, maintaining its integrity; it controls what goes in and out of the cell and contains proteins and carbohydrate chains that serve as a identifying markers and receptor molecules |
| What is the function of the centrosome? | Important role during cell division; when a special "spindle" of microtubules is constructed for the purpose of moving chromosomes around the cell |
| Name the four basic tissue types and their major function | Epithelial tissue: covers and protects the body surfaces Connective tissue: specialized to support the body and its parts Muscle tissue: produces movement Nervous tissue: communication |
| What is mucus and it's function in the body? | Is a watery secretion that contains a mixture of mucins. Coats and protects the underlying cells of the mucous membrane. Also acts as a lubricant for food/ |
| How do exocrine glands secrete their products? | Discharge their secretion products into ducts |
| What makes bone tissue hard? | Inorganic (bone salt) |
| Name the two types of involuntary muscle and where they are found in the body | Smooth muscle: in the walls of the viscera Cardiac muscle: the wall of the heart |
| List the five layers of the epidermis | Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale |
| What is the one means of heat production in the body? | Metabolism of foods |
| What type of organs does most heat production occur? | Muscles and glands |
| Identify the pigment that determines hair color | Varying amounts of melanin |
| List seven functions of the skin | Protection, sensation, growth, synthesis of important chemicals and hormones, excretion, temperature regulation and immunity |
| What are the two types of sweat glands? | Eccrine and apocrine |
| Name the two major types of connective tissue found in the skeletal system | Bone and cartilage |
| Why is it important that cartilage in the skeleton have some "give" or spring to it? | The resiliency of cartilage cushions jolts and blows |
| Name the tiny branches of hard bone present in cancellous bone | Trabeculae |
| What are the five functions of the bone? | Support, protection, movement, mineral storage and hematopoiesis |
| Identify the primary type of cartilage cell | Chondrocyte |
| Which bone is the only bone that normally does not form a joint with any other bone of the skeleton? | Hyoid |
| What is a floating rib? | One that does not attach even indirectly to the sternum |
| What bones make up the shoulder girdle? | Clavicle and scapula |
| What is the functional advantage of foot arches? | Arches furnish more supporting strength per given amount of structural material |
Created by:
Malinda.R.Schwinn
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