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Anatomy Stack 1

Weeks 1-5

QuestionAnswer
Define Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy: is the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts Physiology: is the scientific study of the body functions of the living organism and its parts
What name is used to describe the study of the body that focuses on groups of organs that have a common function? Systemic Anatomy
What single criterion might be used to define life? Autopoiesis defines life
List the seven levels of organization Chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organism
List the 11 major organ systems Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive
Define and contrast: Medial and Lateral Medial: is toward the midline of the body Lateral: is toward the side of the body
What is anatomical position? The body is in an erect, or standing, posture with the arms at the sides and the palms turned forward
What elements make up 96% of the material in the human body? Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
What is an energy level? Are shells or concentric circles with electrons surrounding each atom
What type of bonds attracts one molecule to another? Hydrogen bonds
What does metabolism mean? Used to describe all the chemical reactions that occur in the body's cells
What is an electrolyte? Are substances that break up in a solution to form charged particles or ions
What is pH? A symbol used to mean the H+ ion concentration of a solution
List three functions of the plasma membrane Serves as the boundary of the cell, maintaining its integrity; it controls what goes in and out of the cell and contains proteins and carbohydrate chains that serve as a identifying markers and receptor molecules
What is the function of the centrosome? Important role during cell division; when a special "spindle" of microtubules is constructed for the purpose of moving chromosomes around the cell
Name the four basic tissue types and their major function Epithelial tissue: covers and protects the body surfaces Connective tissue: specialized to support the body and its parts Muscle tissue: produces movement Nervous tissue: communication
What is mucus and it's function in the body? Is a watery secretion that contains a mixture of mucins. Coats and protects the underlying cells of the mucous membrane. Also acts as a lubricant for food/
How do exocrine glands secrete their products? Discharge their secretion products into ducts
What makes bone tissue hard? Inorganic (bone salt)
Name the two types of involuntary muscle and where they are found in the body Smooth muscle: in the walls of the viscera Cardiac muscle: the wall of the heart
List the five layers of the epidermis Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
What is the one means of heat production in the body? Metabolism of foods
What type of organs does most heat production occur? Muscles and glands
Identify the pigment that determines hair color Varying amounts of melanin
List seven functions of the skin Protection, sensation, growth, synthesis of important chemicals and hormones, excretion, temperature regulation and immunity
What are the two types of sweat glands? Eccrine and apocrine
Name the two major types of connective tissue found in the skeletal system Bone and cartilage
Why is it important that cartilage in the skeleton have some "give" or spring to it? The resiliency of cartilage cushions jolts and blows
Name the tiny branches of hard bone present in cancellous bone Trabeculae
What are the five functions of the bone? Support, protection, movement, mineral storage and hematopoiesis
Identify the primary type of cartilage cell Chondrocyte
Which bone is the only bone that normally does not form a joint with any other bone of the skeleton? Hyoid
What is a floating rib? One that does not attach even indirectly to the sternum
What bones make up the shoulder girdle? Clavicle and scapula
What is the functional advantage of foot arches? Arches furnish more supporting strength per given amount of structural material
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