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CHAPTER 9 VOCAB
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CITY | A large settlement of people with an extensive built environment that functions as a center of politics, culture, and economics! |
| FIRST URBAN REVOLUTION | The transformation of societies from agriculture villages to permanently settled cities, which occurred independently in five separate hearths! |
| MESOPOTAMIA | Region in southwest Asia where the first urban revolution occurred around 2200 BCE! |
| NILE RIVER VALLEY | Region along the Nile River in North Africa where the first urban revolution occurred 3200 BCE! |
| INDUS RIVER VALLEY | Region in South Asia where the first urban revolution occurred around 2200 BC! |
| HUANGE HE AND WEI VALLEYS | Region in China where the first urban revolution occurred around 1500 BCE! |
| MESOAMERICA | Region in central America where the first urban revolution occurred around 200 BCE! |
| URBAN MORPHOLOGY | The layout of a city, including the sizes and shapes of buildings and the pathways of infrastructure! |
| FUNCTIONAL ZONATION | Division of a city into different regions/residential or industrial by use or purpose/housing or manufacturing! |
| SITE | Physical attributes of the location of a human settlement - for example, at the head of navigation of a river or at a certain elevation! |
| SITUATION | The position of a city or place relative to its surrounding environment or context! |
| ACROPOLIS | The upper, fortified part of an ancient Greek city. Commonly a religious site! |
| RANK SIZE RULE | Observed statistical relationship that the population of a city will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy. For example, second largest city is half the population of largest city! |
| PRIMATE CITY | The lead city in a country in terms of size and influence! |
| CENTRAL PLACE THEORY | Walter Christaller’s theory that the size and locations of cities, towns, and villages are logically and regularly distributed! |
| HINTERLAND | An area of economic production that is located inland and is connected to the world by a port! |
| CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT | The zone of a city where businesses cluster and around which a city and its infrastructure are typically built! |
| CENTRAL CITY | Urban area that is not suburban. Generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by suburbs! |
| SUBURB | A built-up residential and shopping district connected to a central city by major transportation routes! |
| SUBURBANIZATION | Transformation of farmland and small towns outside of an urban area into suburbs! |
| CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL | Urban model that explains the distribution of social groups around a central business district, using 5 concentric zones with the newest built on the outskirts. Created by Ernest Burgess in 1925 based on Chicago, United States! |
| SECTOR MODEL | A structural model of the American city centered on a central business district with distinct areas of manufacturing and residences extending in wedge-shaped zones from the CBD! |
| MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL | Layout of American cities, including a central business district and suburban business districts that each serve as nuclei around which businesses and residences cluster! |
| EDGE CITIES | Large urban areas on the outskirts of major cities, typically found on major roads. Edge cities are characterized by extensive space for offices and retail, and few residential areas! |
| GALACTIC CITY MODEL | Modern city in which the old downtown plays the role of a festival or recreational area, and widely disperses new centers of economic activity! |
| LATIN AMERICAN CITY MODEL | Model of Latin American cities showing central plazas and wide streets commonly designed by Spanish colonizers. Designed to help see the layers of history built in cities in Latin America! |
| DISAMENITY CITY | Residential zone where lowest income residents in the city live, especially in the Latin American city model. Often built on unstable or undesirable land! |
| AFRICA CITY MODEL | Model of African cities showing how colonial cities were often built around African cities. The central city has 3 CBDs: traditional, informal, and colonial. Designed to help see the layers of history in cities in Africa! |
| SOUTHEAST ASIA CITY MODEL | Model of Southeast Asian cities showing a city with an old colonial port zone surrounded by a large commercial district and no formal CBD. Designed to help see the layers of history built in cities in Southeast Asia! |
| ZONING LAWS | Legal restrictions on land use that determine what types of building and economic activities are allowed! |
| REDLINING | Discriminatory real estate practice that prevents minorities from getting loans to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods! |
| BLOCK BUSTING | Rapidly changing racial or class composition of a neighborhood that occurs when real estate agents persuade residents to sell homes because of fear that another race or class of people is moving into the neighborhood! |
| WHITE FLIGHT | Movement of whites from the city and adjacent neighborhoods to outlying suburbs in response to a growth in the number of residents who are a different race. Common in U.S. cities in response to blockbusting! |
| GENTRIFICATION | Renewal or rebuilding of a lower income neighborhood into a middle- to upper-class neighborhood, which results in driving up property values and rents and the dispossession of lower income residents! |
| TEAR DOWNS | Homes bought in suburbs with the intent of tearing them down and replacing them with much larger homes, often referred to as McMansions! |
| McMANSIONS | Large homes often built in place of tear-downs in American suburbs! |
| URBAN SPRAWL | The expansion of low density urban areas around a city. New urbanism a modern approach to planning and developing cities and communities that values walkability, attracting diverse incomes, and access to public spaces! |
| NEW URBANISM | Development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs! |
| GATED COMMUNITIES | Residential neighborhoods where access is controlled in order to define exclusive space and deter movement of people and traffic through the neighborhood! |
| URBAN GEOPOLITICS | How cities shape and are shaped by geopolitical processes at national, regional and global scales! |
| MEGACITY | A large city with more than 10 million people! |
| HUTMENT FACTORIES | Manufacturing conducted in slums, typically relying on intensive hand labor and low-cost machines! |
| INFORMAL ECONOMY | Portion of the economy that is not taxed or regulated by government. Goods and services are exchanged based on barter or cash systems, and earnings are not reported to government! |
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pl238812
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