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Chapter 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| city | agglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to server as a center of politics, culture, and economics. |
| first urban revolution | first formation of cities occurring separately in six hearths |
| mesopotamia | included ur and Babylon located near the tigris and Euphrates river. cities in Mesopotamia has palaces temples and walls all built with taxes and tribute collected from farmers and workers |
| nile river valley | irrigation distinguished the niles from other urban hearths. great pyramids, tombs, and statues were built by slaves and laborers. lack of walls because there's not much of a reason for them. |
| Indus River valley | cities of Harappa and mohenjo-daro are different from any other civilizations because they do not show signs of social classes. all houses were equal in size. Had thick walls and they did significant trade over long distances. |
| Huang He and Wei valleys | Cities were planned to coincide with cardinal directions and reflected Chinese understanding of astronomy. cities had outer walls and leaders advertised their power by building enormous structures. |
| mesoamerica | ancient cities of mesoamerica were religious centers and moved volcanic stones for such monuments 50 miles from the interior of Mexico to the coast. |
| urban morphology | layout of a city including sizes and shapes of buildings and pathways of infrastructure |
| functional zonation | division of a city into different regions by use or purpose |
| site | absolute locations, something's precise position on earth. |
| situation | relative location of a city, its place in the region and the world around it. |
| acropolis | aero means high point polis means city. temples were sited here and becomes the focus of commercial activity and serves as a space where athenians could debate, socialize, and make political decisions. |
| rank size rule | population of a city will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy (larger the city, more people can be in it???) |
| primate city | a country's leading city, always disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling. |
| central place theory | largest central place (city) provides the greatest numb er of functions to a large trade area |
| hinterland | series of towns providing functions to smaller villages |
| central business district | key economic zone of a city |
| central city | older part of the city surrounding or near the cbd |
| suburb | outlying primarily residential area on the outskirts of a city. |
| suburbanization | when lands once outside the urban area (often farmland or small towns) are transformed into urban areas |
| concentric zone model (burgess) | five in a city, all defined by function. center is cbd, zone of transition after, then zone 3 is a ring of closely spaces modest homes occupies by factory workers, zone 4 is middle class residences, and zone 5 is the suburban ring. the model is dynamic |
| sector model (Hoyt) | developed partly as answer to limitations of burgess model. focuesedes n redicdent ail patterns explaining where wealthy in city choose to live. city grows outward from center zones are shaped like piece of pie.` |
| multiple nuclei model (Harris and ullman) | model recognizes that cbd was losing its dominant position oas the one nucleus of the urban area and lots of urban regions have their own nuclei |
| galactic city | complex urban area where functions of the city are not centered in one place. central city plays role of festival or recreational area. outside of that central city there also centers of economic activity. |
| Latin American city model | blends traditional elemytnetns of South American culture with influences of global economy. |
| edge city | Large urban areas with extensive space for offices and retail businesses on the outskirts of major cities. |
| disamenity sector | very poorest areas of a city that may not be connected to regular city services and may be controlled by gangs or drug lords who run the informal economy in the sectors. known as barrios or favelas. |
| African City Model (Blij) | three cbds: a traditional cbd, informal market zone, and colonial cbd. high rise buildings are in the colonial cbd. ethnic neighborhoods are common |
| Southeast again city model (McGees) | focal point of city is old colonial port zone with combines with the largely commercial district that surrounds it. No formal cbd, present as separate clusters surrounding old colonial port zone |
| Zoning laws | divide the city and designate kinds of development allowed in each zone |
| redlining | Discriminatory real estate practice that prevents minorities from getting loans to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods. |
| blockbusting | realtors solicit white residents of the neighborhood to sell their homes under the guise that the neighborhood was "going downhill" because a black person/family moved in |
| white flight | movement of whites from the city and adjacent neighborhoods to outlying suburbs |
| gentrification | the renewal or rebuilding of lower-income neighborhoods into middle to upper class neighborhoods |
| teardowns | Homes intended for suburban demolition (newer homes built in their place) |
| urban sprawl | unrestricted growth of housing, commercial developments, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning. |
| new urbanism | development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs. want to create neighborhoods that promote a sense of community and a sense of place. |
| gated communities | fenced in neighborhoods with controlled access gates for people and automobiles. have security cameras and forces keeping watch over the community, to create space of safety within the "uncertain urban world" |
| urban geopolitics | how cities shape and are shaped by geopolitical processes at national regional and global scales. |
| Megacity | a large city with over 10 million people. centers of gravity for migrants who are attracted by the prospect of finding work/opportunities in the formal economy or informal economy |
| hutment factories | centers of entrepreneurship where slum residents sew clothing, recycle plastic and cardboard, build products, and proved services. |
| informal economy | not taxed, not counted toward a country's gross national income. Fills the gap between the job that is hoped for in the formal economy and the reality of providing for yourself and your family. |
| McMansions | New supersized mansions that often stretch to the outer limits of the lot. |
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