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Unit 2 2514

Anti-emetic drugs

QuestionAnswer
What is the mechanism of action of scopolamine? Binds to acetylcholine receptors to block them in the inner ear. This blocks transmission of signals to the emetic centre in the brain
What are some common side effects of scopolamine? Dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness (anticholinergic effects)
Which drug class do Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) and Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) belong to? Antihistamines
Which medication would be useful in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting? Ondansetron (Zofran). You may see this drug alone or used in combination with Dexamethasone (Dexasone)
What is the mechanism of action of ondansetron (Zofran)? Blocks serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, the GI tract and the emetic centre in the brain.
Why might Dexamethasone (Dexasone) be used to treat nausea and vomiting? If N & V is caused by inflammation in the GI tract this drug will be useful. This often occurs in the GI tract in response to chemotherapy.
What are some important areas for the nurse to assess when a client is taking medication for nausea & vomiting Effectiveness of medication (improvement? still vomiting?) fluid and electrolyte balance. Signs of dehydration? Intake and output?
What is the mechanism of action of metoclopramide (Maxeran)? Blocks serotonin and dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (stops N & V). It also enhances upper GI motility by enhancing the actions of acetylcholines
What is the MOA of Tetrahydrocannabinoids such as Cannabidiol (Sativex) or Nabilone? Binds and blocks various receptors in brain that are associated with N & V. Activates cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors around the vomiting center. Also stimulate appetite.
Created by: Shamilla
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