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APHG 6.4-6.9 Words
Words from learning objective 6.5-6.9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Central Business District (CBD) | The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge. |
| Concentric Zone Model (Burgess) | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings. |
| Sector Model (Hoyt) | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD). |
| Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris and Ullman) | Type of urban form wherein cities have numerous centers of business and cultural activity instead of one central place. |
| Galactic City Model (Peripheral Model) | represents the post-industrial city with its several, dispersed business districts. This model represents a distinct decentralization of the commercial urban landscape as the economy has transitioned to services as the leading form of production. Manufacturing has declined significantly and become specialized. |
| Latin American City Model | Griffin-Ford model. Developed by Ernst Griffin and Larry Ford. Blends traditional Latin American culture with the forces of globalization. The CBD is dominant; it is divided into a market sector and a modern high-rise sector. The elite residential sector is on the extension of the CBD in the "spine". The end of the spine of elite residency is the "mall" with high-priced residencies. The further out, less wealthy it gets. The poorest are on the outer edge. |
| African City Model | model that suggests that African cities have more than one CBD, which is a remanence of colonialism |
| infilling | new building on empty parcels of land within a checkerboard pattern of development |
| favelas/barrios | neighborhoods where extreme poverty, homelessness, and lawlessness are common |
| infrastructure | the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise. |
| urban sustainability | a city can be organized without reliance on the surrounding countryside and power itself with renewable energy |
| zoning practices | dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing, etc |
| mixed land use | More than one type of zoning, such as a condominium that has residential and commercial units. |
| smart growth policies | an urban planning theory that concentrates walkable city areas to prevent urban sprawl |
| New urbanism | A movement in urban planning to promote mixed use commercial and residential development and pedestrian friendly, community orientated cities. New urbanism is a reaction to the sprawling, automobile centered cities of the mid twentieth century. |
| greenbelts | A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area. |
| slow growth cities | urban communities where the planners have put into place smart growth initiatives to decrease the rate at which the city grows horizontally to avoid the adverse affects of sprawl |
| urban design practices | the aspect of architecture and city planning that deals with the design of urban structures and spaces |
| walkability | the overall level of comfort, access, enjoyment, and connectivity of an area that facilitates walking |
| uniform landscape | the spatial expression of a popular custom in one location that will be similar to another |
| livability | All the characteristics of a community that contribute to the quality of life of the people who live there |
| qualitative data | Data associated with a more humanistic approach to geography, often collected through interviews, empirical observations, or the interpretation of texts, artwork, old maps, and other archives. |
| quantitative data | Data associated with mathematical models and statistical techniques used to analyze spatial location and association. |
| Market area (hinterland) | The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services |
| Threshold | The minimum number of people willing to travel to use a service |
| Range | The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service. |
| Rank size rule | In a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy. |
| Primate city | A city that ranks first in a nation in terms of population and economy |
| Gravity model | A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service. |
| Central place theory | Theory proposed by Walter Christaller that explains how and where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another |
Created by:
Ajsteele
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