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Chapter 12 vocab

AP human geography

Question	Answer
Cottage industries	Production of goods in a home or small workshop typically by hand or with low technology
Economies of scale	Savings in cost of production that comes from increasing production of a good
Industrial revolution	cluster of inventions and innovations that brought large scale economic changes in agriculture, commerce, and manufacturing, in the late 18th century Europe
Hinterland	An area of economic production that is located inland and is connected to the world by a port
Situation	the position of a city or place relative to its surrounding environment or context
Network	a set or interconnected nodes without a center
First Mover advantage	benefit a service or product receives by being the first to market
Secondary hearths	Area to which an innovation diffuses and from which the innovation diffuses more broadly
Globalization	Processes heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country borders
Fordist	Manufacturing system in which raw materials are brought into a central location and component parts and the final product are produced at the same location and then shipped globally
Vertical integration	the merging of businesses that serve different steps in one commodity chain
Location theory	Understanding the distribution of cities, industries, services, or consumers with the goal of explaining why places are chosen as sites of production or consumption
Agglomeration	cost advantages created when similar businesses cluster in the same location
Least cost theory	determining the location of manufacturing based on minimizing three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration
Friction of distance	difficulty in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance
Intermodal	Where two or more modes of transportation meet
Capitalism	Economic system where people, corporations, and states produce goods and services and trade them on the world market with the goal of making a profit
Commodification	transformation of goods and services into products that can be bought, sold, or traded
Global division of labor	The ability of corporations to employ labor from around the world made possible by the compression of time and space through innovations in communication and transportation systems
Time space compression	increasing connectedness between world cities from improved communication and transportation networks
Just in time delivery	Production system in which parts are delivered as needed to the assembly line so that parts are not warehoused, stored, or overproduced
Spatial fix	The movement of production from one site to another based on the place based cost advantages of the new site
Node	Connection point in a network where goods and ideas flow in, out , and though the network
Commodity chain	Steps in the production of a good from its design and raw materials to its production, marketing, and distribution
Outsourcing	Hiring employees outside the home country of a company in order to reduce the cost of labor inputs for the good or service
Connectivity	Position of a place or area relative to others in a network
Global sourcing	Tapping into companies that specialize in production around the world to manufacture goods
Global production networks	Pattern of flows from raw material to global product to disposal or reuse of products that shows all the places connected through production
Newly industrializing countries (NIC)	states with growing industrial and service economies and an increasing presence in global trade
Break of bulk point	A place where goods are transferred from one form of transport to another
Deindustrialization	Decline in industry in a region or economy. Happens when companies move industry to other regions or mechanize production
Rust belt	A region in the northeastern United States that once had an extensive manufacturing industry but has been deindustrialized during the post-Fordist era
High technology corridor	Areas along or near major transportation corridors that are devoted to the research development, and sale of high technology products

Created by: Pl251151

Popular AP Human Geography sets

1.1, 1.4

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FIRST SET OF VOCAB

Second set of pop vocab

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