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Unit 4 Vocab..
7-5 Petersen: Unit 4 Ch.10-13 (Europe)
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Classical | The ancient,very old,era(time span) Rome and Greece era/time period. |
| polis | Greek term for "city state" (city & surrounding area--a 'mini-country') |
| democracy | A type of government - leaders rule & elected by the citizens (the U.S.A. has a Federal Republic ---NOT a democracy) |
| republic | strong national government headed by elected leaders |
| consul | The elected chief official of the Roman Republic |
| emperor | (king) ruler of an empire |
| pope | head of the Roman Catholic Church for the entire world (Pope lives in Vatican City, an enclave in Italy) |
| missionary | a person who goes to regions around the world to teach others about his or her religion |
| common law | the UNWRITTEN laws that come from LOCAL CUSTOMS- the laws that are so common that everyone knows them |
| feudalism | During the Middle Ages also called(Medieval Times,Dark Ages)a POLITICAL&SOCIAL SYSTEM developed consisting of a king,vassals (noble/lords),knights, serfs(peasants-social position did not change (serfs would always be poor--no chance to improve life style) |
| vassal | Is a noble(lord) who would receive land from a feudal lord in exchange for loyalty and military service --he got land, but had to pay for it by serving in the military & could get killed |
| manor | A feudal estate (large land area) |
| serf | farm laborer who could be bought and sold along with the land-like a slave |
| guild | Medieval term - the name given to the organizations of the workers (artist guild or music guild) |
| charter | written agreement (contract) containing rights, privleges and freedoms (similar to a constitution) |
| indulgences | currency or some type of payment to the Catholic Church to pardons your sins- the Catholic Church became wealthy--this led to the Reformation (reform the church) |
| revolution | a great and often violent change - ex. a group who takes over government by force |
| divine right of kings | belief that European kings and queens ruled by the will of God |
| productivity | a measure of how much work can be done in a certian length of time |
| human resources | a person's capabilities/skills/talents to produce a product |
| textiles | woven cloth/fabric |
| cottage industry | a business in the home-family members make goods/products using their own equiptment-like cloth or furniture |
| union | a group of workers (labor organization) who bargain/negotiate with the factory owners to get better working conditions & more salary, but they have to pay dues (fees)to belong |
| strike | union workers refusal to work until they get better conditions & more money are met/given-(owners usually can't get more workers) |
| imperilism | taking over another country for military & trade advantages (using the people and resources for their economic gain/profit) |
| communism | a government system in which most property & business is owned by the government-(gov. controls society/people & economy) has a command economy |
| Holocaust | the killing of over 6 million Jews & 6 milion others during WWII by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis (Germany) |
| genocide | the mass murder of a whole people because of their race, religion, ethnicity, politics or culture |
| Cold War | a global competition (for the most power) between the democratic US and its allies and the Communist Soviet Union (Soviets/USSR) and its supporters (late 1940's-1880's) verbal threats of nuclear war |
| nuclear weapons | weapons that use atomic reactions to release enormous power and can cause mass destruction (ex. bombing of Japan) |
| detterence | something used to deter or discourage-like threatening to use a nuclear missile |
| satellite nation | a country who is politically & economically dominated or controlled by a more powerful country |
| blockade | to close off by force-to block the entrance |
| airlift | a system of carrying supplies by aircraft |
| euro | common currency/money of the European Union member countries |
| multilingual | able to speak several languages |
| moor | treeless, windy highland areas with damp ground |
| parlimentary democracy | a form of government where voters elect representatives to a lawmaking body called Parliament |
| peat | plants partly decayed in water which can be dried and used for fuel |
| bog | low swampy lands |
| navigable | waterways that are wide and deep enought for the passage of ships |
| federal republic | when a national government and state government share powers |
| reunification | returning all of the parts into one big part |
| continental divide | a high place from which rivers flow in different directions |
| heavy industry | industry that produces manufactured goods such as machinery (bulldozer, tractor) |
| fjord | long, narrow, often deep inlet of the sea, lying between steep cliffs - west coast of Norway |
| sauna | wooden rooms heated by water sizzling on hot stones |
| geyser | spring that shoots hot water (like a natural fountain) that is heated by hot rocks below the crust (of the Earth) and steam into the air |
| geothermal energy | heat produced by natural underground sources, to heat homes etc. |
| sirroco | hot, dry winds that blow north across the Mediterranean Sea and Italy from North Africa |
| coalition government | a government where two or more political parties work together to run the country |
| neutrality | refusing to take sides in disagreements and wars between countries |
| dry farming | no irrigation is used; the land is left unplanted every few years so that it can store moisture. |
| welfare state | a country that uses high rates of taxation to provide services to people who are sick, needy, jobless or retired - ex. Sweden |
| polder | land reclaimed from the sea (keeping land from washing out to sea |
| autobahn | superhighway in Europe - no speed limits |
| constitutional monarchy | government in which a king or queen is the official head of the country but has little power and elected officials run the government |
| multinational company | a business that works in several countries - ex. McDonalds and Polo clothing |
| bog | low swampy lands |
| communist state | a state/country in which the government has strong control over the economy and society |
| acid rain | rain containing chemical pollutants |
| pope | head of the Roman Catholic Church around the world |
| landlocked | a country that has no sea or ocean bordering it |
| nomads | people who move from place to place often with herds of animals (possibly mad because they have no permanent home :) |
| spa | resort with hot mineral springs for bathing- some think that the hot minerals improve their health |
| privatize | when factory ownership transfers from the government to individual/private citizens (opposite of nationalize) |
| consumer goods | products made for people to use/to consume |
| ethnic cleansing | forcing people from a different ethnic group to leave their homes -by genocide or forced emigration |
| refugee | the person who must flee to another country to escape danger or disaster |
| mosque | Muslim house of worship - religion Islam--holy book Koran |
| steppe | grassy plain- semiarid/partly dry-often next to deserts (steppe next door to the desert) |
| potash | mineral used in fertilizer |
Created by:
petersen123
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