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ch 11 vocab

Term	Definition
hearths	Area or place where an idea, innovation, or technology originates
agriculture	Purposefully growing crops and raising livestock to produce food (for humans), feed (for livestock), and fiber (for textiles)
first agricultural revolution	The transformation of societies from hunting and gathering to purposeful raising of food, feed, and fiber
fertile crescent	Region in Mesopotamia and Anatolia where agriculture began
subsistence agriculture	Self-sufficient agriculture that is small scale and low technology and emphasizes food production for local consumption, not for trade
shifting cultivation	Agricultural practice based on clearing and farming land for a time before moving on to a new parcel and allowing the first to fill in with native vegetation
monoculture	dependence on production of a single agricultural commodity
second agricultural revolution	A cluster of advances in breeding livestock, agricultural technology, and seed production to increase food, feed, and livestock production that took place in Europe in the 1700s and 1800s
columbian exchange	Movement of plants, animals, people, diseases, and ideas among Africa, Europe, and the Americas across the Atlantic
unequal exchange	Uneven relationship between low labor costs and high-value products
green revolution	Intensified agriculture that uses engineered seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation to increase intensive agricultural practices
third agricultural revolution	Intensified agriculture that uses engineered seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation to increase intensive agricultural practices
cadastral system	Method of land survey through which land ownership and property lines are defined
township and range system	Land survey system that divides Earth into square parcels called townships (6 miles by 6 miles), each of which has 36 sections (1 mile by 1 mile). Commonly found west of the Appalachian Mountains
metes and bounds system	Land survey system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees. Commonly found on the east coast of the United States
long-lot survey	Land survey system that divides Earth into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals. Commonly found in France or places of French settlement, including Quebec and Louisiana
primogeniture	land ownership inheritance practice where land is passed down to the eldest son
perishable	Agricultural products that are susceptible to spoiling in transit
von thunen model	A model that explains the location of agricultural activities in a spatial pattern of rings around a central market city, with profit-earning capability the determining where a crop or good is produced in reference to the market
cold chain	System of harvesting produce that is not quite ripe and ripening it by controlling temperature from the fields to the grocery store
plantation agriculture	Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation, and organized to produce a cash crop
bid rent theory	The premise that the price and demand for land will go up the closer it is to the central city
intensive agricultural processes	Production of agricultural goods using fertilizers, insecticides, and high-cost inputs to achieve the highest yields possible
indoor vertical farms	Factories where produce is grown hydroponically without soil
extensive agricultural practices	Production of agricultural goods primarily by hand with low use of fertilizers and high use of human labor
organic agriculture	Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs
ethanol	Renewable fuel made from plat materials called biomass
biodiesel	Renewable fuel made from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease
hunger	Living on less than the daily recommended 2100 calories the average person needs to live a healthy life
agency	The belief an individual has in their ability to affect change in their life
vulnerability	Probability of destruction of life or property from a hazard or crisis
malnutrition	Undernutrition, inadequate vitamins, or obesity resulting from diet
food desert	Area characterized by a lack of availability of affordable, fresh, and nutritious food
urban agriculture	Cultivating land or raising livestock in small plots in cities, generally on converted brownfields or on rooftops

Created by: pl229081

Popular AP Human Geography sets

1.1, 1.4

introduction to maps

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1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7

FIRST SET OF VOCAB

Second set of pop vocab

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