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HM2 renal diseases
HM2 lilk8tob Renal diseases
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
| A bladder infection | Cystitis |
| S&S: Frequency, urgency, dysuria, hesitancy, low back pain, nocturia | Cystitis |
| Tests for Cystitis | urinalysis, culture (if complicated), cytoscopy (if more than three / year) |
| Kidney stones | Urolithiasis |
| Enlargement of ureter from stone blocking it | Hydroureter |
| Stones in the ureter | Urolithiasis |
| Enlargement of kidney from urine blockage | Hydronephrosis |
| The major manifestation of stones (extreme pain) | Renal colic |
| Tests for stones/blockage | microscopic exam of urine, UA, C&S, pH, IVP, KUB, ultrasound |
| This is inherited; abd. pain, HTN, increased abd girth, constipation, bloody urine, risk of berry aneurysm, waste sodium | PKD (polycystic kidney disease) |
| Tests if have hydronephrosis or hydroureter | urinalysis (proteinuria, hematuria), BUN & Creatinine, CT, MRI of kidney |
| Infection of kidney caused by organisms ascending from the lower urinary tract | Pyelonephritis |
| Tests if have pyelonephritis | urinalysis (+leukocyte esterase + nitrate dipstick test), presence of WBC, Bacteria, fever |
| Renal disorders caused by an immunological reaction- results in proliferative and inflammatory changes within the glomerular structure | Acute Glomerulonephritis (GN) |
| Tests for Acute Glomerulonephritis (GN) | urinalysis (hematuria, WBC, proteinuria, casts), 24 hour urine collection for GFR & creat. clearance, Blood, skin and throat cultures |
| This infection commonly follows Strep | Acute Glomerulonephritis (GN) |
| This develops over 20-30 years. Glomerular damage allows protein to enter the urine; acidosis | Chronic Glomerulonephritis (GN) |
| Tests for Chronic Glomerulonephritis (GN) | renal biopsy (in early stages when proteinuria or hematuria is 1st present) |
| Increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass into urine- causes massive loss of protein, edema, and low plasma albumin. This is an immune or inflammatory process | Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) |
| Tests for Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) | Renal biopsy is crucial- Must ID problem and fix it so it doesn't lead to ESRD |
| The thickening of the nephrom blood vessels, leading to narrowing of the vessel lumen -> decreased blood flow -> ischemia & fibrosis. HTN, atherosclerosis & diabetes | Nephrosclerosis |
| Microvascular disease- persistent albuminuria | Diabetic nephropathy |
| Tests for Diabetic nephropathy | Monitor blood glucose & have yearly eye exam |
| Loss of urine concentrating ability | Hyposthenuria |
| This causes overflow UI. Frequency, nocturia, hesitancy, hematuria, low force of urine stream, postvoid dribbling, bladder distention | Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) |
| Tests for BPH | DRE, WBC, Low hemoglobin, HCT, Increased PSA (if have prostate cancer), urodynamic studies, cytourethroscope, flow rate analysis, bladder scan |
| After this procedure, client excretes urine w/ bowel movements | Sigmoidostomies |
| After this procedure, client has pouch w/ continent stoma- pt self-caths urine | Ileal reservoir |
| After this procedure, urine is directed to skin surface. Must wear a bag | Ureterostomies |
| After this procedure, collect urine in intestine, goes to pouch on outside | Conduit |
Created by:
lilk8tob
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