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LaSOM - Hermeneutics
Intro to Hermeneutics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| *1-A. According to a 2006 study conducted by the Barna Group, what percentage of Americans read the Bible at some point in a week and how does this compare to the results of a similar 1995 study? | 47% of Americans polled claimed to read the Bible at some point in the week which is up from a low of 31% in 1995 |
| *1-B. Summarize the results of the 2006 Gallup survey mentioned by the author. | 82% of Americans claimed to believe that the Bible is either the literal or “inspired” Word of God. More than half said they read the Bible at least monthly, yet half couldn’t name even one of the four gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. And fewer than half who delivered the Sermon on the Mount |
| 2-A. List six questions the reader may ask to discover why they do not study the Bible. | a) Do you question the Bible’s relevance to real life issues? b) Are you locked out of the process by a lack of technique and basic skills? c) Are you convinced that this Book is just for professionals, not lay people, that it takes special training to understand it? |
| 2-B. List six questions the reader may ask to discover why they do not study the Bible. | d) Is Bible study a low priority (or no priority), especially with so many other demands begging for your time? e) Do you have doubts about the Bible’s reliability, and whether you can ever really determine its meaning? f) Do you perceive Bible study as dreadfully boring and not worthy of your attention? |
| *3. List three benefits (and supporting Scripture references) of Bible study that are essential to the life of the believer. | a) essential to Growth: 1 Peter 2:2 b) essential to Spiritual Maturity: Hebrews 5:11-14 c) essential to Spiritual Effectiveness: 2Timothy 3:16-17 |
| *4. From 2 Timothy 3:16-17, what is the Bible profitable for? | a) Teaching b) Reproof c) Correction d) Training in Righteousness |
| 5. What is the ultimate benefit of firsthand Bible study? | You will fall in love with the Author. |
| *6. List three costs of effective Bible study. | a) Effort (Openness to study) b) Openness to God c) Openness to Change |
| 7. List the three steps of methodical Bible study and the question answered by each. | a) Observation: What do I see? b) Interpretation: What does it mean? c) Application: How does it work? |
| 8. List the steps of observation demonstrated by the author’s study of Acts 1:8 | a) Start with terms b) Who are the people involved? c) Watch for cause-effect relationships d) Define the terms e) The importance of place f) Relate the verse to the Book as a whole |
| *9. What radical cultural shift was made in the last century and how has it affected Bible study? | From a word-based society of readers to an imagine-based society of viewers. As a result we don’t know how to read - we have lost that art. |
| 10. How should the reader approach every text of the Bible, familiar or not and what practice will help with this approach? | Come to every text as if you’d never seen it before in your life. A discipline that involves cultivating a mind-set, an attitude toward the Word. *Read the Bible in different versions. |
| 11. List ten strategies to first-rate reading of Scripture. | a) Read Thoughtfully b) Read Repeatedly c) Read Patiently d) Read Selectively e) Read Prayerfully f) Read Imaginatively g) Read Meditatively h) Read Purposefully i) Read Acquisitively j) Read Telescopically |
| *12. What does Dr. Hendricks say about the length of most books in the Bible? | The bulk of books in Scripture are no longer than 2 or 3 ordinary columns in a newspaper. And even the longer books are shorter than most novels. |
| *12-B. What is the value of reading a book of the Bible in one sitting? | You’ll be able to appreciate the unity of each book. |
| 13-A. List six benefits that can result from reading a book of the Bible for five weeks. | a) 5 weeks with a book is usually enough time to make some significant headway. b) In 5 weeks you can read the book through several times. *c) You can also observe it’s structure, identify the key terms, investigate the central characters, do some background work with secondary sources, and decide on some practical ways to apply the truths of the book to your life. |
| 13-B. List six benefits that can result from reading a book of the Bible for five weeks. | d) In a month’s time you can begin to take ownership of a book of the Bible. e) In a year, you can have 21 books under your belt f) In 5.5 years, you’ll have 66 books. |
| *14-A. List the six main questions that can be asked of any passage of Scripture in selective Bible reading. Also, give the supportive questions raised by each. | a) Who? Who are the people in the text? b) What? What is happening in this text? What are the events? In what order? What happens to the characters? What is the argument? What is the point? What is the writer trying to communicate? c) Where? Where is the narrative taking place? Where are the people in the story? Where are they coming from? Where are they going? Where is the writer? Where were the original readers of this text? |
| *14-B. List the six main questions that can be asked of any passage of Scripture in selective Bible reading. Also, give the supportive questions raised by each. | d) When? When did the events in the text take place? When did they occur in relation to other events in Scripture? When was the writer writing? e) Why? Why is this included? Why is it placed here? Why does this follow that? Why does this precede that? Why does this person say that? Why does that person say nothing? Why f) Wherefore? So What? What difference would it make if I were to apply this truth? |
| 15. According to the text, the Word of God was not written to satisfy our curiosity, but to do what? | *To change our lives. |
| *16-A. What spiritual discipline is not separate from but, instead, a key to effective Bible study? | Prayer |
| *16-B. What two groups does the author say can teach us the most about prayer and why? | a) Children. They’re refreshing and realistic. b) New converts. They haven’t learned all the jargon. |
| *17. What three components of prayer are demonstrated by Nehemiah in Nehemiah 1:4-11? | a).Adoration b) Confession c) Petition |
| *18. List the suggestions for reading God’s Word imaginatively. | a)Use different translations and paraphrases b) Rewrite the text in your own paraphrase c) Read scripture in a different language d) Have someone read the text out loud e) Vary your setting |
| *19. What does the Scripture teach about biblical meditation in the following passages | a. Joshua 1:8 – shows a close connection between meditating on God’s Word and acting on it. b. Proverbs 23:7 – teaches the basic principle that you become what you think. Be careful what you think c. Psalm 1:1-2 – Day-and-Night pattern . Not just an exercise that you carry throughout your day. Biblical meditation means filling your mind with the truth that God has revealed. |
| *20. What two types of structure are in every book of the Bible? | a) Grammatical structure b) Literary structure |
| *21. What does it mean to read the Bible acquisitively and what scientific data is cited that reinforces the importance of this principle? | Read not only to receive it but to retain it; not merely to perceive it but to possess it. Stake a claim on the text. Make it your own property. Modern phycological studies back that up with scientific data: we remember at most only 10% of what we hear; 50% of what we see and hear; but 90% of what we see, hear, and do. |
| *22. After reading and analyzing Scripture, what is the next task and how is it done? | Your next task is to put it back together again. a) Look for the connectives b) Pay attention to the context c) Evaluate the passage in light of the book as a whole d)Look at the historical context of the book |
| *23. What is the basic unit of Bible study? | The paragraph - not the verse, not the chapter. |
| *24-A. How were the books of the Bible originally constructed? | They were just scrolls and similar documents with long, unbroken passages. |
| *24-B. When and why did the books of the Bible take on the grammatical divisions we have today and were their efforts inspired by the Holy Spirit? | 1200 years after Christ, scholars began carving up the Scriptures into the divisions we have today. To enhance Bible study, but their efforts were by no means inspired by the Holy Spirit. |
| 25. List six clues in Scripture to watch for during the observation phase of Bible study. | a)Things that are emphasized b) Things that are repeated c) Things that are related d) Things that are alike e) Things that are unlike f) Things that are true to life |
| *26. What four tools does the Holy Spirit use to emphasize ideas, events, people and other material in Scripture? | a) Amount of space b) Stated Purpose c) Order d) Movement from the lesser ti the greater and vice versa |
| *27. What is probably the most powerful of all teaching tools and why? | Repetition. Because repetition reinforces. |
| 28. What is one of the most powerful tools of communication and why? | The question Questions force you to think |
| 29-A. What are the two most common expressions used by the biblical writers that flag similarities? | a) as b) like |
| 29-B. What word in the Bible signals that a change in direction is coming? | but |
| *30. What are the two essential components to quality observation? | a) Learn how to read. b) Learn what to look for. |
| 31-A. What fundamental premise is required to accurately interpret God’s Word? | “Meaning” is not our subjective thoughts read into the text but God’s objective truth read out of the text. |
| *31-B. Why must we interpret Scripture instead of just opening the Bible, reading what we’re supposed to do, and then doing it? Why is it necessary to understand the text? | Time and distance have thrown up barriers between us and the biblical writers, which block our understanding. |
| 32-A. List and describe five extra biblical resources helpful to interpreting Scripture. Cite the specific barriers each one helps to overcome. | a) Atlases - collections of maps showing places - used to overcome geographic barriers b) Bible dictionaries - explain the origin, meaning and use of key words and terms in the text - used to overcome language barriers c) Bible handbooks - present helpful information in subjects in the text – used to overcome cultural barriers |
| 32-B. List and describe five extra biblical resources helpful to interpreting Scripture. Cite the specific barriers each one helps to overcome. | d) Commentaries - present a biblical scholar’s study of the text – used to overcome language, cultural, and literary barriers e) Interlinear texts – translations with the Greek or Hebrew text positioned in between the lines for comparison – language barriers |
| *33-A. List and briefly describe six pitfalls of interpretation to be avoided when reading and studying the Bible. | a) Misreading the text – Ignorance of what the text says is the unpardonable sin of Interpretation. It shows you have not done your homework. b) Distorting the text – Making a text say what you want it to say, not what it actually says. c) Contradicting the text – This error is worse than textual distortion. It amounts to calling God a liar. |
| *33-B. List and briefly describe six pitfalls of interpretation to be avoided when reading and studying the Bible. | d) Subjectivism – using mysticism in reading the Bible where you allow in no other realm. Violating every tenet of reason and common sense. Wandering around the scriptures, waiting for a quiver to tell them when they’ve struck pay dirt. e) Relativism - approaching the Scripture assuming that the Bible changes meaning over time. f) Overconfidence – pride comes before a fall. The minute you think that you’ve mastered a portion of Scripture, you’re setting yourself up for a tumble. |
| 34-A. Although there is nothing wrong with an emotional response to God’s Word, what must we remember in interpreting the Scriptures (“rightly dividing the word of truth”)? | The conflict is not in the text, but in our limited understanding of the text. |
| *34-B. What understanding can help with differences in interpretation of Bible passages? | *The conflict is not in the text, but in our limited understanding of the text. |
| *35-A. List and define/describe the six major literary genres God used to communicate His message. | a) Exposition – a straightforward argument or explanation of a body of objective truth. b) Narrative and biography – narrative means story. c) Parables – a brief tale that illustrates a moral principle. |
| *35-B. List and define/describe the six major literary genres God used to communicate His message. | d) Poetry – the Bible contains some of the finest lines of verse ever composed. The distractive feature of poetry is its appeal to the emotions, as well as the imagination. e) The proverb and wisdom literature – one of the richest quarries to mine in the biblical material is the broad category know as wisdom literature. In this genre, the writer assumes the role of wizened veteran of life who is sharing his insights with a younger, less experienced, but teachable reader. |
| *35-C. List and define/describe the six major literary genres God used to communicate His message. | f) Prophesy and apocalyptic – the most challenging type of literature in the Bible is the prophetic. Tones of warning and judgment, denotes direct words from God. |
| *35-D. What is a special category of prophetic literature and with what does it deal? | apocalyptic, of which Revelation is the primary example. As the term implies, apocalyptic literature deals with cataclysmic events of global proportions having to do with the end of the world. |
| *36. List the five keys to biblical interpretation. | a) Content b) Context c) Comparison d) Culture e) Consultation |
| *37. What does context refer to in relation to correctly interpreting the Bible? | Context refers to that which goes before and that which follows after. |
| *38. Why is the comparison of Scripture with Scripture referred to as a great safety net? | The greatest interpreter of Scripture is Scripture itself. |
| 39. List four ways a biblical author may use a term (key word or phrase) to make his point. | a) He may use the word repeatedly to give it emphasis b) He may place it on display in some prominent verse c) He may build a story around it to illustrate its significance d) He may put it in the mouth of a central character in his narrative. |
| 40-A. What ten principles can help the student of the Bible to know when odd expressions found in Scripture are to be interpreted figuratively or literally? | a) Use the literal sense unless there is some good reason not to b) Use the figurative sense when the passage tells you to do so c) Use the figurative sense if a literal meaning is impossible or absurd d) Use the figurative sense if a literal meaning would involve something immoral e) Use the figurative sense if the expression is an obvious figure of speech |
| 40-B. What ten principles can help the student of the Bible to know when odd expressions found in Scripture are to be interpreted figuratively or literally? | f) Use the figurative sense if a literal interpretation goes contrary to the context and scope of the passage g) Use the figurative if a literal interpretation goes contrary to the general character and style of the book h) Use the figurative sense if a literal interpretation goes contrary to the plan and purpose of the author |
| 40-C. What ten principles can help the student of the Bible to know when odd expressions found in Scripture are to be interpreted figuratively or literally? | i) Use the figurative sense if a literal interpretation involves a contradiction to other Scripture j) Use the figurative sense if a literal interpretation would involve a contradiction in doctrine |
| *41. What is the inherent danger in Bible study and what two-sided task is necessary to avoid this pitfall? | It can degenerate into a process that’s intellectually fascinating but spiritually frustrating. You can get mentally excited by the truth yet fail to be morally changed by it. a) We must get into the Word of God for ourselves b) We must allow that Word to get into us, to make a permanent difference in our character and conduct. |
| *42. List the five substitutes for life-changing application of Scripture. | a) Interpretation for application b) Superficial obedience for substantive life-change c) Rationalization for repentance d) Emotional experience for a volitional decision e) Communication for transformation |
| *43. Why is the order of Paul’s instruction in 1 Timothy 4:16 critical in the application of personal Bible study? | If you don’t know it yourself, its difficult to help other people apply the Bible to their lives. |
| *44. By acknowledging the strengths and limitations of our individual God-given design, what are we more likely to do with respect to the application of scriptural truth? | Each of us brings unique strengths and limitations to the task, by our God-given design. By accepting that design and cooperating with the way it works, we are more likely to practice God’s Word in the way He meant it to apply to us. |
| *45-A. What important advice does the author give about claiming the promises of Scripture? | Not all of the promises in Scripture are given to you and me. Some were made to certain individuals, not to people in general. Others to groups of people, such as the nation of Israel. We can’t claim promises that haven’t been made to us. *We can claim promises made to the church, as well as those made to “the righteous” in Proverbs and other portions of the wisdom literature. |
| *45-B. What are many of the promises of God based on? | Many of the promises of God are based on conditions set forth in the text. |
| 46-A. What positive development has the author observed during his lifetime? | A renewed emphasis on people and relationships. |
| 46-B. What negative trend has increased during author's lifetime? | An unfortunate loss of basic theological and doctrinal knowledge. |
| *46-C. What three questions asked during personal Bible study can help to reverse this? | a) What doctrines and truths is this passage teaching? b) What theological errors is it exposing? c) What changes do I need to make in my thinking in order to bring it in line with what the Scripture teaches? |
| 47-A. What startling statistics regarding religion and faith have been observed by pollster George Gallup, Jr.? | Only 61% of Americans now believe that “religion can answer today’s problems.” That’s a drop from 81% in 1957. |
| 47-B. How are these statistics reflected in the conclusion of another Gallup poll? | No wonder another Gallup poll concludes that there’s “no significant difference” between the churched and the unchurched in their ethics and values on the job. |
| *48. What is the key to taking a message written in A.D. 100 or earlier and making use of it in A.D. 2000 or later? And What three important questions must be asked regarding this key? | The key is the context. a) What was the context then? b) What is the context now? c) What is the truth that remains true regardless of the cultural context? |
| *49. What two errors can be avoided by the proper correlation of specific principles of the Bible with the general teaching of Scripture? | a) Finding a “principle” from a single verse and then trying to build a whole doctrine on the basis of that one reference b) Using Scripture to justify what Scripture clearly condemns. |
| *50. List three steps for translating good intentions into life-changing action. | a) Make a decision to change b) Come up with a plan c) Follow through |
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