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Pediatrics Culture
Family structure, health beliefs and practices, family and child care practices
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which cultures believes silence may mean the speaker wishes the listener to consider the content before the speaker continues and does not always indicate the end of a conversation | Asian/Japanese, Asian/Chinese |
| Which cultures do not touch children on the head believing the head is sacred as it is where one’s consciousness lies | Asian/Vietnamese, Asian/Hmong |
| Which cultures believe the father is the provider and decision maker (including signing for consent to treat) and the mother is family caregiver | Hispanic/Mexican American, Hispanic/Cuban |
| Which cultures are extended and patriarchal in structure | Asian/Vietnamese, Asian/Japanese, Asian/Puerto Rican |
| Which cultures place more emphasis on the well-being of the family vs. the individuals | European/Irish American, Asian/Chinese |
| Which cultures value extended family | European/Native American, Asian/Hmong, Asian/Chinese, Haitian, Hispanic/Mexican American, Asian/Japanese |
| In which cultures do grandparents retain a role in parenting their grandchildren | European/Native American, African American, Asian/Chinese |
| In which culture are family ties strong continuing into adulthood with several generations living together | Hispanic/Cuban |
| Which culture is matriarchal | Haitian |
| In which culture is divorce and remarriage a common practice | European/Caucasian American |
| Which culture has traditional family roles with the father as the head and the mother as the heart of the household though the mother has powerful sway over internal family matters | European/Italian American |
| Which culture is primogeniture (first son inherits family’s worth) | Asian/Vietnamese |
| In which culture is family an extensive network composed of nuclear and extended family members | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| In which culture is success measured in terms of financial wealth and status in society | European/Caucasian American |
| In which culture are children valued members that are showered with love and affection | European/Italian American |
| Which cultures believe the mother is the primary caretaker of the child | Hispanic/Mexican American, Hispanic/Cuban, Asian/Chinese, Asian/Japanese, European/Native American |
| In which cultures is divorce uncommon | European/Italian American, Hispanic/Mexican American |
| In which culture are decisions made by the father after discussion with older or extended family members | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| In which culture do individual members see family as a source of comfort/pride and maintain close contact or proximity with nuclear and extended family | European/Italian American |
| Which culture has strong family bonds and is typically strict followers of a protestant or catholic church | European/Irish American |
| Which culture frowns upon interracial marriage | Asian/Chinese |
| In which culture is family important with the mother head of the household in absence of a father while two parent families are egalitarian in structure | African American |
| In which culture is a large family size attributed to adherence to catholic beliefs and traditions | European/Italian American |
| Many members of this culture have married into other branches of the same culture and/or other ethnic groups | European/Native American |
| Which culture considers out of wedlock relationships common | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| Which culture often sees the goal of the individual as more important than the goal of the family though the nuclear family is highly valued | European/Caucasian American |
| In which culture do children repay their parents’ love and care by having parents live with the children and providing for the parents in their old age | Asian/Chinese |
| In which culture are women traditionally passive | Asian/Japanese |
| Which culture puts children at the center of family life | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| Which culture insists that children respect elders | European/Native American |
| Which culture values social group harmony over individual needs and autonomy | Asian/Japanese |
| In which culture might eye contact be considered rude | Hispanic/Mexican American, Asian/Vietnamese, Asian/Japanese (considered lack of respect), European/Native American |
| Which cultures consider colostrum dirty or delay breastfeeding until milk comes in | Asian/Vietnamese, Asian/Japanese, Hispanic/Mexican American |
| Which cultures are typically bilingual, English and Spanish | Hispanic/Mexican American, Hispanic/Cuban |
| Which cultures may consider health practitioners to be loud and boisterous | European/Native American, Asian/Vietnamese |
| Which culture relies on the native language | Haitian |
| Which culture feels looking at or admiring a child without touching may bring about mal de ojo | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| In which culture is there a strong need to sit quietly and think before responding to questions feeling silence is crucial | European/Native American |
| In which culture are children patted on the head to show affection/approval | European/Caucasian American |
| In which culture is making demands and complaining loudly often rewarded with attention | European/Italian American |
| In which culture is beckoning with one’s hand considered to be a gesture directed toward a dog, not a person | Asian/Vietnamese |
| In which culture might patients answer questions with what they feel the asker wants to hear and avoid confrontations with health care professionals | Asian/Vietnamese |
| Which culture is uncomfortable with periods of silence and expects to be looked in the eye when communicating, unless the person is lying | European/Caucasian American |
| Which culture finds handshakes acceptable but no pats on the back | Asian/Japanese |
| In which culture is the spokesperson not likely to be the decision maker | European/Native American |
| For which culture is health represented by a balance in hot and cold, and wet and dry with disease being caused by these imbalances | Asian/Vietnamese |
| Which culture relies on modern medicine and health care professionals to treat illness | European/Caucasian American |
| Which culture values a holistic approach to healing and believes wellness exists when there is harmony in body, spirit, and mind | European/Native American |
| In which cultures do the forces of yin (light, heat, dry) and yang (dark, cold, wet) influence the balance and harmony of a person’s state of health | Asian/Vietnamese, Asian/Chinese |
| In which cultures will a shaman be sought for treatment remedies and spiritual healing ceremonies | European/Native American, Asian/Hmong, Asian/Vietnamese |
| Which culture believes health represents equilibrium between hot and cold, and wet and dry and imbalances in these cause disease | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| Which culture communicates with flowery and sometimes exaggerated words and may be overly verbose in descriptions of their condition | European/Irish American |
| In which culture are the people more likely to seek a curandero for treatment remedies and spiritual healing ceremonies and may combine that advice with antibiotics or other therapies from a physician | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| In which cultures are many people lactose intolerant | African American, European/Native American |
| Which culture classifies foods and medications as hot, cold, and cool, and avoids iron supplements believing them to be “hot” medications | Hispanic/Puerto Rican |
| Which culture uses “cold” remedies to treat hot diseases and hot to treat cold and believes balance and harmony is achieved by avoiding some foods and consuming others | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| Which culture believes God’s will must prevail, in the hot/cold theory and avoids eggplant, okra, tomatoes, black pepper, cold drinks, milk, rice, bananas, and fish during pregnancy | Haitian |
| In which culture is the wife or mother the source of advice on ailments and when to seek medical treatment with many relying on inherited fold remedies or the “Granny” in the community before seeking medical treatment | African American |
| Which culture believes evil spirits enter the body through open orifices, causing infection and that covering the opening blocks bad spirits and cures the illness | Asian/Vietnamese |
| Which culture stoically withstands pain, and women to labor in silence expecting a long period of rest and recovery | Asian/Japanese |
| Which culture believes that health comes when a person is goal oriented and nurtures a strong religious faith, and is maintained with a great deal of sleep, exercise, fresh air, and a balanced diet | European/Irish American |
| Which culture believes health is a state of physical and spiritual harmony with nature with prevention being the key to healthy living | Asian/Chinese |
| Which culture has frequent problems with obesity and alcoholism and eats nonperishable foods because of lack of refrigeration with beans being the main source of protein | European/Native American |
| In which culture will prayer or home remedies be used before seeking help from a folk practitioner or health care provider, and delaying seeking medical attention or obtaining screening and immunizations | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| In which culture is there a belief in the biomedical model and health promotion although supernatural forces are thought to cause some illnesses that can be cured by ethnic treatments or magic spells | Hispanic/Cuban |
| Which culture relies on folk foods and treatments for illness management | Haitian |
| Which culture believes that illness comes from germs while other believe that they result from natural and unnatural causes and may seek out a spiritualist to heal certain diseases using prayer as a response to illness | African American |
| Which culture uses acupuncture, herbal medicines, massage, cupping, skin scraping, and moxibustion as therapies to restore yin and yang, seeking traditional Chinese medicine before western medical services | Asian/Chinese |
| In which culture is it believed that health is maintained by strong religious influences (Catholic) and that faith in god and the saints will see them through illness | European/Italian American |
| Which culture feels that western medicine places too much emphasis on medications | European/Native American |
| Which culture has amulets on bracelets or necklaces to ward off the evil eye, and a diet high in fat, cholesterol, sugar, and fried foods | Hispanic/Cuban |
| In which cultures is there likely to be no health insurance | Hispanic/Mexican American, African American |
| In which culture is soy sauce avoided during pregnancy because it is believed to darken the infant’s skin while shellfish causes allergies, and iron substances harden bones and lead to a difficult delivery | Asian/Chinese |
| Which culture uses home remedies or treatment as a first resort and seeks medical assistance only in cases of emergency | European/Irish American |
| Which culture believes that white foods cause an increase in vaginal discharge during pregnancy | Haitian |
| Which culture believes that a diet high in fat and sodium is an indication of well-being | African American |
| Which culture uses natural herbs (Kampo), and uses both western and traditional oriental healing methods | Asian/Japanese |
| In which culture have beliefs been found about the cause of illness that include winds and currents that bear diseases, contagion or contamination, heredity, supernatural or human causes, and psychosomatic explanations | European/Italian American |
| In which culture does an ill person wear a medicine bag that the health care provider should not touch | European/Native American |
| In which culture is the incidence of breastfeeding low | African American (least likely to), Asian/Vietnamese (among immigrants), Asian/Japanese (only ½ of infants after 1 month) |
| Which culture has a high rate of breastfeeding | European/Native American, and Haitians usually do |
| Which cultures believe that emotions effect breast milk | Haitian, Hispanic/Mexican American |
| Which culture neutralizes the infant’s bowel by giving only anise tea for 24 hours when weaning from breast to bottle | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| Which culture begins cereal consumption in infancy at an early age | |
| African American | |
| In which culture is the parenting approach more controlling, achievement oriented, and more encouraging of independence | Asian/Vietnamese |
| Is which culture is an authoritarian style of parenting used | European/Caucasian American |
| Which culture is a belly band used to protect the newborn’s umbilicus from dirty, injury, or hernias | African American |
| Which culture is most likely to have children without prenatal or postnatal care | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| Which culture has healing practices that can cause visible bruising or injury to a child’s skin | Asian/Chinese |
| In which culture might a curandero be summoned to treat a child for evil eye with massage and prayer | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| In which culture is there a high respect for authority figures, a strong work ethic, an emphasis on achievement, and an encouragement of emotional expression | African American |
| In which culture are children socialized not to challenge authority and to exhibit self control | Asian/Chinese |
| In which culture do adults readily praise infants’ and children’s behavior and appearance | European/Caucasian American |
| Which culture has a practice of binding the umbilicus of the newborn to prevent bad air from entering the infant | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| In which culture are strict parenting practiced encouraged to develop coping mechanisms for discrimination later in life, and expects children to use their time wisely, assume responsibilities early, and participate in decision making | African American |
| In which culture is the introduction of solid foods delayed until 18 months where diet may consist of breast milk and rice water and be low in calcium and iron | Asian/Vietnamese |
| Which culture believes it is important to keep children warm in cold weather, stay out of drafts, and not go outside with wet hair | European/Italian American |
| Which culture teaches children to value individual differences, the future rather than the present, material well being, competition, and to consider many options when making decisions | European/Caucasian American |
| Which culture avoids praising children for fear a spirit may overhear and steal the child | Asian/Hmong, Asian/Vietnamese |
| Which culture believes that a during pregnancy a woman has happiness in her body | Asian/Chinese |
| Which culture leaves the school system to assume much of the childrearing responsibilities | Hispanic/Cuban |
| In which culture are children viewed as a gift from God | Hispanic/Puerto Rican |
| In which culture is the parent child relationship warm and nurturing with parents being permissive in respect to the child’s behavior | Hispanic/Mexican American |
| In which culture is physical discipline often used | African American |
| In which culture is there excessive consumption of milk in the second year of life, and the bottle is used until age 3 | Asian/Vietnamese |
| Which culture has the infants wear colorful hats to disguise them as flowers to that spirits will not notice them | Asian/Hmong |
| In which culture is self reliance highly valued | European/Caucasian American |
| In which culture might a mother sleep with her child and have the responsibility of ensuring the child’s success in school | Asian/Japanese |
| In which culture are children taught to obey and respect their parents, along with gender roles | Hispanic/Puerto Rican |
| In which culture are many children breastfed until 4 or 5 years of age | Asian/Chinese |
| Which culture believes that plump infants and young children are the ideal | Hispanic/Cuban |
| In which culture is jade often worn in the form of an amulet to keep a child safe | Asian/Chinese |
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