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Chapter 5 pharm

pharmacology for nurses (Adams)

QuestionAnswer
absorption the process of moving a drug across body membranes
affinity chemical attraction that impels certain molecules to unite with others to form complexes.
blood-brain barrier anatomical structure that prevents certain substances from gaining access to the brain
conjugates side chains that, during metabolism, make drugs more water soluble and more easily excreted by the kidney.
distribution the process of transporting drugs through the body.
drug-protein complex drug that has bound reversibly to plasma proteins, particularly albumin, that makes the drug unavailable for distribution to body tissues.
enterohepatic recirculation recycling of drugs and other substances by the circulation of bile through the intestine and liver.
enzyme induction process in which a drug changes the function of the hepatic microsomial enzymes and increases metabolic activity in the liver.
excretion the process of removing substances from the body
fetal-placental barrier special anatomical structure that inhibits many chemicals and drugs from entering the fetus.
first-pass effect mechanism whereby drugs are absorbed across the intestinal wall and enter into the hepatic portal circulation
hepatic microsomial enzyme system as it relates to pharmacotherapy, liver enzymes that inactivate drugs and accelerate their excretion; sometimes called the P-450 system
loading dose comparatively large dose given at the beginning of treatment to rapidly obtain the therapeutic effect of a drug
maintenance dose dose that keeps the plasma drug concentration continuously in the therapeutic range
metabolism total of all biochemical reactions in the body
minimum effective concentration the amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect.
pharmokinetics the study of how drugs are handled by the body.
plasma half-life (t1/2) the length of time required for a drug to decrease its concentration in the plasma by one-half after administration
prodrug the drug that becomes more active after metabolized
therapeutic range the dosage range or serum concentration that achieves the desired drug effects
toxic concentration level of drug that will result in serious adverse effects
Created by: myt1462
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