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WCU Pham Respir.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three Respiratory System functions? | >Brings oxygen into the body >Allows for the exchange of gases >Expels carbon dioxide and other waste products |
| What are four Upper Respiratory Tract Conditions? | >The Common Cold >Seasonal Rhinitis >Sinusitis >Pharyngitis and Laryngitis |
| What is a common cold ? | A virus that release histamines and prostaglandins causing inflammatory response. |
| What are the results of a common cold? | >Sinus pain >Nasal congestion >Runny nose, sneezing >Watery eyes >Scratchy throat >Headache. >May lead to otitis media. |
| How does Seasonal Rhinitis occur? | Occurs when the upper airways respond to a antigen with an inflammatory response (nasal congestion, sneezing, stuffiness, & watery eyes). |
| What is Sinusitis? | Inflammation of the epithelial lining of the sinuses. >Swelling causes pressure against the bone = pain. |
| How are Pharyngitis & Laryngitis caused? What are the results of Pharyngitis & Laryngitis? | >It is caused by bacteria and viruses. > Causes uncomfortable resp symptoms & other inflammation along with fever, muscle aches and pains, and malaise. |
| Dextromethorphan | *Antitussives >Use: dry cough Act: Depresses the cough center in the medulla >AE: dizziness, resp depress, dry mouth. Works in the brain >NI: assess cough and for sputum production, instruct not to eat or drink for 30 minutes. Do not dilute soluti |
| Tetrahydrozoline (nasal spray) | *Topical Nasal Decongestants >Use: relief of mucosal congestion >Action: vasoconstriction decreases edema & inflammation of nasal membranes. AE: confusion, light headedness, nausea, vomiting, fever, dyspnea, rebound congestion. NI: don’t use > 5 days |
| Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) | *Oral Nasal Decon Use: Relieve congestion Act: Vasoconstriction BT: HTN, CAD, glaucoma, antidepressants AE: anxiety, hypertension, dysrhythmia, dizziness, headache, urine Ret. n/v, resp diff. NI: watch cardiac dysrhythmia, don’t use >1 week. stystem |
| Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) (H1) | *Antihistamines Use: rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria; mot. sick, parkinsonism, sleep aid, cough suppress Act: blocks the E of histamine at histamine-1 receptor sites. AE: paradox excit., drouzy, sedation, dizzy anticholinergic E NI: PT. care |
| Guaifenesin (Robitussin, Mucinex) | *Expectorants Use:Liquefy respiratory secretions Act: removes mucus AE: rash, headache, n/a dizziness. NI: Do not crush or break sustained release capsules/tablets, drink with lots of water, assess cough, assess dizziness. |
| Mucolytics | *Acetylcysteine Use: Liquefy mucus Act: decreases viscosity of mucus AE: nausea, stomatitis, urticaria, bronchospasm, rhinorrhea. NI: administer IH, increase fluid intake, clean face & nebulizer equipment after use, assess resp system. |
| What are the first four Lower Respiratory Tract Conditions? | Atelectasis: Collapse of lung tissue Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs Bronchitis: Narrowed airway during inflammation Asthma: Reversible bronchospasm, inflammation, and hyperactive airways. |
| What are the second three Lower Respiratory Tract Conditions? | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Permanent, chronic obstruction of the airways Cystic Fibrosis: Hereditary disease involving exocrine glands, results in thick secretions in the lungs. Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS):Premature infants, |
| Theophylline – PO & IV | *Bronchodilators - Xanthines use: relief or prevention of bronchial asthma Act: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle AE: overdose, toxicity NI: No smoke, caffeine, Monitor serum therapeutic range levels 10-20mcg/mL and s/s of overdose/toxicity. |
| Albuterol | *Bronchodilators - Sympathomimetics Act: stimulate beta2-adrenergic receptors Admin: MDI AE:Muscle tremor, excessive cardiac stimulation, CNS stimulation, Serious dysrhythmias and cardiac arrest. NI: Beta-adrenergic blocker contraindicated |
| Epinephrine | * Bronchodilators - Sympathomimetics Use: anaphylactic reactions Act: Reacts at alpha and beta receptor sites AE: Fear, anxiety, restlessness, headache, nausea, decrease renal formation, pallor, palpitation, tachycardia, local burning/stinging, reboun |
| Ipratropium (Atrovent) | *Bronchodilators - Anticholinergics Use: Long term management of asthma, COPD, Given in combo therapy Act: blocks vagally mediated reflexes AE: Cough, nervousness, nausea, GI upset, headache, dizziness, palpitations NI: admin IH. Ensure hydro |
| Budesonide (Pulmicort) | *Anti-inflammatory Agents – Inhaled Steroids Use: prevention of asthma Act: decreases the inflammatory response AE:irritability, headache, rebound congestion, epistaxis, local infection. NI: Admin IH. rinse mouth after inhaling, assess resp system. |
| Zafirlukast | *Anti-inflammatory Agents – Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Use: Long-term treatment of asthma-Prevent acute asthma attacks Act: blocks leukotriene receptors AE: headache, dizziness, nausea, generalized pain and fever, infection. NI: Asses Lungs. |
| What is the first step to using an inhaler? | Take off the cap. |
| What is the second step to using an inhaler? | Look to see of the spray hole and mouth piece is clean. |
| What is the third step to using an inhaler? | Shake the inhaler 10-15 times |
| What is the fourth step to using an inhaler? | Without inhaler take a breath and breathe out all the way. |
| What is the fifth step to using an inhaler? | Put the inhaler in the mouth, above the tongue, and between teeth |
| What is the six step to using an inhaler? | Seal your lips around the inhaler. |
| What is the seven step to using an inhaler? | Begin the breath in slowly, press the inhaler, continue to breath in, and hold breathe for 5-10 secs. |
| What is the eight step to using an inhaler? | Open mouth and breath out slowly |
Created by:
MakiyahBuckley
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