Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Patho - Module 5
Ch. 7, 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 2 types of renal failure? What is the MAIN difference? | Acute & Chronic. Acute= fast loss of function & generally reversible. Chronic= gradual loss of function & irreversible. |
| Acute renal failure | Fast loss of function; Generally reversible; Most common in critically ill, hospitalized patients; Risk factors include advanced age, autoimmune disorders, & liver disease; Causes are prerenal, intrarenal, & postrenal. |
| Chronic renal failure | Gradual loss of function; Irreversible; Causes include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, urine obstructions, renal diseases, renal artery stenosis, ongoing exposure to toxins & nephrotic meds, sickle cell, systemic lupus, erythematosus, smoking, & advanced age. |
| What is pre-renal? | Before kidneys; Decreasing blood flow to kidneys (bleeding, low BP, sepsis, dehydration); Can be short term; Not long before kidney damage. |
| What is intra-renal? | Directly damage structure of kidney; Reduced blood supply, infection, inflammation, toxic injury (NSAIDS & contrast dye are VERY toxic) |
| What is post-renal? | Interference with urine secretion; Tumors or BPH; Remove the obstruction!! |
| The 4 phases of acute renal failure. | Asymptomatic phase, Oliguric phase, Diuretic phase, & Recovery phase. |
| Asymptomatic phase of acute renal failure. | 1st phase of acute renal failure; no symptoms. |
| Oliguric phase of acute renal failure. | 2nd phase of acute renal failure; Daily urine output decreases to approx. 400 mL or less & waste products begin to accumulate in blood. |
| Diuretic phase of acute renal failure. | 3rd phase of acute renal failure; Daily urine output increases to as much as 5 L. |
| Recovery phase of acute renal failure. | 4th/final phase of acute renal failure; Glomerular function gradually returns to normal. |
| The 5 stages of chronic renal failure. | I, II, III, IV, V |
| Stage I of chronic renal failure. | 1st stage of chronic renal failure; Kidney damage present, but GFR is >90. |
| Stage II of chronic renal failure. | 2nd stage of chronic renal failure; Kidney damage worsens as the GFR falls (60-89). |
| Stage III of chronic renal failure. | 3rd stage of chronic renal failure; Kidney damage is significantly impaired as GFR is between 30-59. |
| Stage IV of chronic renal failure. | 4th stage of chronic renal failure; Kidney function barely present with GFR dropping between 15-29. |
| Stage V of chronic renal failure. | 5th/final stage of chronic renal failure; Kidney failure; GFR drops <15 or patient begins dialysis. |
| What is hypospadias? | Urethral meatus being on ventral surface of the penis & extending the length of penis. |
| What is epispadias? | Urethral meatus occurs on the dorsal surface of the penis & may extend the entire length of penis. |
| Cryptorchidism | Disorder of male reproductive system; 1 or both testes not descended from abdomen to scrotum prior to birth; May not require treatment, but if it does options include manual manipulation, hormones, surgery, orchiectomy, implants. |
| Phimosis | Disorder of male reproductive system; Foreskin cannot be retracted over glans; Treatment includes foreskin stretching or circumcision. |
| Priapism | Disorder of male reproductive system; Prolonged painful erection; Treatment includes needle aspiration. |
| Hydrocele | Disorder of male reproductive system; Fluid accumulation between layers of tunica & cord; Treatment includes sitz baths & scrotal elevation. |
| Spermatocele | Disorder of male reproductive system; Sperm containing cysts between testes & epididymis; Treatment includes surgery if they become large. |
| Variocele | Disorder of male reproductive system; Dilated vein in spermatic cord; Treatment includes possible surgery. |
| Testicular torsion | Disorder of male reproductive system; Twisted testes on cord; Treatment include manual manipulation or surgery. |
| Prostatitis | Disorder of male reproductive system; Inflammation of the prostate (acute or chronic); Treatment organism-specific antibiotics, analgesics, antipyretics, adequate hydration, sitz baths, & prostatic massages. |
| Epididymitis | Disorder of male reproductive system; Inflammation of the epididymis; Treatment includes antibiotics, analgesics, bed rest, scrotal support, elevation, cold application, & screen/treat sexual partners. |
| What is amemorrhea? | ABSENCE of menstruation. |
| What is dysmenorrhea? | PAINFUL menstruation. |
| Cystocele | Disorder of female reproductive system; Bladder protrudes into anterior wall of vagina; Treatment includes pessary device, surgery, & estrogen. |
| Rectocele | Disorder of female reproductive system; Rectom protrudes through posterior wall of vagina; Treatment includes surgery, estrogen. |
| Uterine prolapse | Disorder of female reproductive system; Descent of the uterus or cervix into the vagina (1st, 2nd, & 3rd degree); Treatment includes surgical repair. |
| Endometriosis | Disorder of female reproductive system; Endometrium grows in areas outside the uterus (most commonly in the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and peritoneum, but can be anywhere); Treatment includes analgesics, hormones, & surgical repair. |
| Ovarian cyst | Disorder of female reproductive system; Benign, fluid-filled sacs on the ovary; Treatment may not be required, but if it is includes hormones, analgesics, manage metabolic & other disorders, and surgery. |
| Fibrocystic breast disease | Disorder of female reproductive system; Numerous benign nodules in breasts; becomes more prominent & painful during menstruation; Treatment not usually required, but in some cases needle aspiration, heat/cold, surgery, analgesics. |
| Mastitis | Disorder of female reproductive system; Breast tissue inflammation associated with infection and lactation; Treatment includes antibiotics, hydration, rest, analgesics, needle aspiration, milk expression, |
| Candidiasis | Disorder of female reproductive system; Yeast infection caused by common fungus candida albicans, can mimic other infections; thick white cottage cheese-like discharge; Treatment includes antifungal agents, perineum care, safe sex, not douching, resist scratching, eat yogurt. |
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) | Disorder of female reproductive system; Infection of the female reproduction system; Treatment includes antibiotics, screen/treat sex partners, safe sex, avoid douching, infertility eval, treat abscesses. |
| 1st degree uterine prolapse | Cervix dropped into vagina. |
| 2nd degree uterine prolapse | Cervix apparent at vaginal opening. |
| 3rd degree uterine prolapse | Cervix & uterus bulge through vaginal opening. |
Created by:
GChaos95
Popular Nursing sets