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SWEETMONA

hfcc diabetes1-2010

QuestionAnswer
Definition of diabetes mellitus chronic disease r/t abnormal insulin produciton, impaired insulin utilization or both
DM is the leading cause of blindness, non-traumatic amputations, esrd; and a contributing factor to cv disease/stroke.
What are the counterregulatory hormones? glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol.
What is the function of counterregulatory hormones? They counteract the effects of insulin, stimulating glucose production and output by liver decreasing movement into the cells.
What happens after eating a meal? Glucose is stored into the liver and muscle as glycogen, inhibiting glucogenesis & enhancing fat depositon into adipose tissue.
What tissues are considered to be insulin dependent? Mucle and skeletal.
Causes of Type 1 DM. genetic, viral, autoimmune disease or environmental factors.
Onset of Type 1 DM -long preclinical period, rapid onset, impending or actual ketoacidosis.
S/S of Type 1 DM polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia, weakness and fatigue.
Honeymoon period -occurs with newly diagnosed type 1;lasts for 3-12 months where little insulin is required during which time beta cells are still being destroyed, eventually leading to hyperglycemia where more insulin is required
Prediabetes/impaired glucose tolerance/impaired fasting glucose blood glucose higer than normal >100 but < 126 when fasting, but not high enough to confirm a diagnosis
Prediabetics do or don't have symptoms? They don't.
Maintaining a health weight, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet may delay or prevent development of type 2 DM. True or false true
Type 2 DM is not the most prevalent type? True or false. False, it is the most prevalent type.
What are some risk factors for type 2 DM? age, genetics, Native American, African American, Hispanic American, obesity, lack of exercise.
In Type 2 insulin has been exhausted.True or False. False, the pt still produces some endogenous insulin that is either insufficient or poorly utilized.
What's the difference between type 1 and type 2? Type one has virtually no endogenous insulin.
What's the single most largest factor contributing to type 2? Obesity, specifically abdominal and visceral adipostiy.
Name 4 metabolic abnormalities contributing to type 2. 1.Insulin resistance-body tissues don't respond to insulin.2. Pancreas' inablity to produce insulin. 3. Inappropriate glucose production by the liver. 4. Alteration in production of hormones and cytokines (act as messengers between cell types).
What syndorme increases the risk for type 2? Metabolic syndrome
Gestational diabetes is detected when and using what test? During weeks 24-28 using the OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test.
What is the first line of therapy for gestational diabetes? Nutritional therapy, then insulin if needed.
The risk for developing type 2 DM is incresed. True or false. True
Causes of 2ndary diabetes Injury/interference with pancreas, prednisone, Dilantin, atypical antipsychotics.
How can secondary diabetes be resolved? -by treating and resolving the underlying condition.
S/S of type 2 DM. fatigue, recurrent infections (vaginal yeast or monilia infections), prolonged wound healing and visual changes.
DKA is mostly a complication of which type? Type 1. It occurs in type 2 during stress or illness.
Fasting plasma glucose test >/= 126, with no caloric intake for at least 8 hrs; confirmed by repeat test on another day
Random or casual plasma glucose >/= 200, plus s/s (weight loss and 3-polys)
2hr OGTT ./= 200 using a glucose load of 75g
Hemoglobin A1C determines glycemic levels over 90-120 days; goal: 7% or less
Created by: sweetmona
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