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Chemistry Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Chemical Properties | Characteristics used to describe how a substance changes or does not change its composition when interacting with other substances |
Chemical Change | Change that involves a change in composition. Also called a chemical reaction |
Composition | The chemical makeup of a substance |
Extensive Properties | Characteristics that depend on the amount of substance present |
Intensive Properties | Characteristics that do not depend on the amount of substance present |
Matter | Anything that has mass and volume |
Physical Change | Change that does not involve a change in composition |
Physical Properties | Characteristics used to describe matter that are not associated with changing its chemical makeup |
Properties | Characteristics that are used to describe a substance |
Pure Substance | Matter that has a definite composition |
Atom | The basic unit of a chemical element |
Electron | A negatively charged particle that is outside the nucleus of an atom |
Element | A pure substance that cannot be changed into simpler substances through chemical or physical means. |
Ion | A charged particle that results when the number of protons and number of electrons differ |
Mass Number | The sum of the protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an atom |
Neutron | A particle that has no charge that makes up the nucleus of an atom |
Proton | A positively charged particle that makes up the nucleus of an atom |
Stable | In atoms, the condition in which a nucleus is unlikely to undergo decay |
Crystal | Ions, molecules, or atoms held together in an ordered, three- dimensional arrangement |
Molecule Structure | The location or atoms, groups, or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type, and location of covalent bonds |
Molecule | A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction |
Polymer | Substance composed of long chain of repeating units |
Atomic Mass | Average mass of an elements isotopes |
Atomic Number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
Energy Levels | Levels of energy surrounding the nucleus occupied by electrons, also known as orbitals or shells |
Group | A column in the periodic table |
Nucleus | Small, dense region at the center of an atom composed of protons and neutrons |
Period | A row in the periodic table |
Representative Elements Series | Groups 1,2 and 13-18 on the periodic table, labeled IA- VIIIA |
Valence electrons | Electrons located in the outermost shell or energy level of an atom |
Neutron | Neutrally charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
Mass Number | The sum of the protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an atom of an element |
Reaction | Interaction between substances that leads to those substances changing chemically |
Atomic Orbital | Regions around the nucleus of an atom in which there is a high probability of finding electrons |
Periodic | Repeating in intervals |
Periodic Table | A chart that arranges elements in order of atomic number |
Isotope | Two or more atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons |
Periodic Table of The Elements | Table that lists all the know chemical elements arranged by increasing atomic number from left to right and from top to bottom |
Electronegativity | The tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself from an atom of anther element |
Compound | A substance that is composed of two or more atoms that are bonded together |
Covalent Bond | Chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons |
Ion | A charged particle |
Ionic Bond | Chemical bond in which one or more electron is transferred from one atom to another |
Metallic Bond | Chemical bond in which a positively charged metal ion and a loosely held valence electron are attracted |
Ionic Compound | A substance that consists of oppositely charged ions |