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Maternity Exam 1

Normal pregnancy

QuestionAnswer
AMA advanced maternal age >35 y/o
trophoblast becomes... the placenta
blastocysts become... the fetus/embryo
L:S ratio considered mature 2:1 L and S are surfactants
IgG is acquired in fetus through... the placenta
IgA is acquired in newborn through... breastfeeding
presumptive signs of pregnancy subjective -Breast changes -Amenorrhea (no period) -N&V -Urinary frequency -Fatigue -Quickening
Probable signs of pregnancy Goodell's sign→ cervix is soft Chadwick's sign→ vagina and cervix is bluish color d/t increased vascularization Hegar's sign→ softening of lower uterine segment Positive pregnancy test Braxton hicks contractions Ballottement
positive signs of pregnancy Visualization of fetus by US(ultrasound) or Xray(do not use xray on pregnant woman) Presence of fetal heart tones Fetal movement palpated by examiner
hcg Human chorionic gonadotropin -Biologic marker for pregnancy -will double every 48 hours if not an ectopic pregnancy
Naegele’s Rule start with LMP -Subtract 3 months -Add 7 days -Add 1 year
Fibrinogen levels _______ in pregnancy increase
HCT _______ in pregnancy decreases
Fundal height = weeks gestation at 20 weeks fundus should be at umbilicus
Hegar's sign Softening and compressibility of lower uterine segment
chadwick's sign bluish color of the cervix and vagina d/t increased vascularization
Goodell's sign Softening of the cervix occurs by 6-8 weeks
physiologic anemia Blood volume increases during pregnancy and causes a decrease in normal hemoglobin (12-16 g/dl) and hematocrit (37%-47%). Results in physiologic anemia --> if less than 11 g/dl or 33% then considered anemia
Facial chloasma/melasma darker pigmentation around face→ “mask of pregnancy”
Linea nigra pigmented line up abdomen
Hirsutism hair growth on upper lip and chin
Diastasis recti abdominis muscles separate → may persist after pregnancy→ encourage body mechanics(get up sideways)
Screening/Assessments Done at Each Prenatal Visit BP weight fundal height fetal heart tones Abdominal pain Visual changes Reflexes Headache Vomiting Urinary complaints Constipation Vaginal discharge, bleeding, leaking of fluid Fetal movement urine (for protein, glucose, pH, ketones, nitrates
trimester 1 to do health history CBC blood type antibody screen Renal Function tests Rubella / Varicella RPR/VDRL HBsAg STI’s and Vaginitis Pap test UA PPD HIV Symptom/Physical assessment date of pregnancy relief to discomfort danger signs pregnancy course
trimester 2 to do relief of discomforts danger signs repeat antibody test quad screen
trimester 3 to do relief of discomfort danger signs signs of labor/when to come to hospital GBS
trimester 1 weeks 1-13 6/7
trimester 2 weeks 14-26 6/7
trimester 3 weeks 27-delivery
trimester 1 common discomforts Pain/tingling in breasts N/V(can use ginger to help, small frequent meals throughout day, vitamin B6 mixed with unison helps with morning sickness but is expensive) urinary frequency fatigue mood swings hemorrhoids
trimester 1 danger signs Vaginal bleeding abdominal cramping dysuria lower abdominal pain with dizziness and referred shoulder pain severe prolonged vomiting
trimester 2 common discomforts Enlarging abdomen backache skin pigmentation striae constipation hemorrhoids heartburn leg cramps(is she getting enough Ca and Mg?) round ligament pain leukorrhea
trimester 2 danger signs vaginal bleeding/LOF painful urination fever decreased fetal movement prolonged vomiting abdominal pain/cramping severe swelling visual changes severe headache epigastric pain(pain under right breast) regular uterine contractions calf pain
3rd trimester common discomforts SOB leg and foot cramps constipation heartburn pedal edema fatigue urinary frequency Braxton Hicks contractions
3rd trimester danger signs Visual disturbances(preeclampsia) hand and facial edema(preeclampsia) fever vaginal bleeding/LOF abdominal pain/uterine contractions(consider gestational age→ bad at 28 weeks, good at 38 weeks) PROM decreased fetal movement
1st trimester ultrasound use date of pregnancy Number, size, and location of gestational sac Presence/absence of fetal cardiac and body movements Presence/absence of uterine abnormalities or adnexal masses Cervical length(short) → can cause miscarriage Presence/absence of IUD
2nd trimester use of ultrasound Fetal viability, number, position, gestational age, growth pattern, anomalies Amniotic fluid volume Placental location and maturity Uterine fibroids and anomalies Adnexal masses Cervical length
Optional 8-18 Week Labs/Imaging Nuchal Translucency Test (11-13 6/7d weeks) (not diagnostic, just gives risk score) Multiple Marker/Quad Screen/Triple Screen Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS) (10-13 weeks)
24-28 week labs Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Diabetes screening *Rh antibody screen (repeat antibody screen for rh- women) Amniocentesis (15-40 weeks)
32-36 week labs Ultrasound / ? Biophysical Profile RPR/VDRL Cervical cultures for Gonorrhea/Chlamydia Repeat Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Rectal and vaginal swabs for Group B Strep-Group B Strep (GBS) Test
initial lab tests CBC for H&H Blood Type and Rh Factor Antibody Screen Renal Function tests Rubella / Varicella RPR/VDRL Hepatitis B (HBsAg) STI’s and Vaginitis Pap test UA and C&S PPD HIV
routine prenatal care visits number/weeks < 28 weeks 6/7--> Q 4 weeks 29-36 weeks 6/7--> Q 2 weeks 37 weeks --> Q week until term
weight gain amount during pregnancy 10lbs by week 20, then 1 lbs per week 25-35lbs recommended
acceptable temp for mom postpartum 100.4 is fever
acceptable temp for baby after birth want to see between 97.7-99.4
ABGAR scoring HR 0-absent, 1<100, 2>100 RR 0-absent, 1-weak cry, 2-good cry color 0-blue, 1-pink with blue extremities, 2-completely pink reflex irritability 0-none, 1-grimace, 2-cry muscle tone 0-no flexion, 1-partly flexed, 2-well flexed
ABGAR ex. at 1 minute newborn has HR of 105, is crying, is partly flexed, and has blue hands/feet. 8
signs of respiratory distress Nasal flaring Retractions (Intercostal/Subcostal) Grunting with respirations Increased use of intercostal muscles Seesaw respirations
benefits of breastfeeding convenience, health benefits for mom and baby, weight loss, bonding, boosted intelligence, increased dental hygiene
Created by: Linds4321
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